ƒTƒeƒBƒpƒbƒ^�[ƒi�EƒXƒbƒ^ �@Satipatthana Sutta

 

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ŠT—v

‚P�D�g��”O�F“÷‘̂̊ώ@ (kaya-nupassana)

�@�@(1) ŒÄ‹z (anapana)

�@�@(2) Žp�¨ (iriyapatha)

�@�@(3) –³�í (sampajana)

�@�@(4) ‰˜•¨ (patikula-manasikara)

�@�@(5) •¨Ž¿ (dhatu-manasikara)

�@�@(6) Ž€‘Ì (navasivathika)

‚Q�DŽó��”O�FŠ´Žó‚ÌŠÏŽ@ (vedana-nupassana)

�@�@(1) ŠeŽí‚ÌŠ´Šo�i�DŠ´Šo�Cˆ«Š´Šo�C•½Š´Šo�j

‚R�D�S��”O�F�¸�_‚ÌŠÏŽ@ (citta-nupassana)

�@�@(1) ŠeŽí‚Ì�¸�_

‚S�DŒ»�Û��”O�FŒ»�Û‚ÌŠÏŽ@ (dhamma-nupassana)

�@�@(1) ŒÜŠW (panca-nivaranani)

�@�@(2) ŒÜå] (panca-kkhandha)

�@�@(3) ˜Z�ˆ (sad-indriya)

�@�@(4) ޵Šo (satta-bojjhanga)

�@�@(5) Žl’ú (cattari-ariya-saccani)

 

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�u�S‚ª‰½‚©‰õ‚¢‚à‚Ì�A‚ ‚é‚¢‚Í•s‰õ‚È‚à‚Ì‚ðŒoŒ±‚µ‚½‚Æ‚«‚É�A•¨Ž–‚ð‚½‚¾‚ ‚邪‚܂܂ɗ�‰ð‚·‚ê‚Î�A‚à‚Í‚â‹ê‚µ‚݂͂Ȃ­‚È‚é�B�l‚͔߂µ‚Ý‚ðŒoŒ±‚µ‚Ä‚à�A”ß‚µ‚Ý‚ª‹Ž‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠ‰ˆ¤‚µ‚È‚¯‚ê‚Î�A”ß‚µ‚³‚ÍŠ´‚¶‘±‚¯‚é‚à‚Ì‚Ì�A‚»‚ê‚É‚æ‚Á‚ċꂵ‚Þ‚±‚Ƃ͂Ȃ¢�v

 

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Œ´Œê‚Í dhammas (dhamma ‚Ì•¡�”Œ`�j‚ƂȂÁ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·�B

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“ú–{Œê‚ɖ󂳂ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‘å”O�ˆŒo �iƒTƒeƒBƒpƒbƒ^�[ƒi�EƒXƒbƒ^�j‚ð‚Ý‚é‚Æ�A�wŒ´Žn•§“T’·•”Œo“T�x�i�t�HŽÐ�j‚Å‚Í �u‚à‚ë‚à‚ë‚ÌŽ–�Û�v‚Ɩ󂳂ê‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·�B�w‘å”O�ˆŒo‚ð“Ç‚Þ�x(‘å–@—ÖŠt)‚Å‚Í�uŒ»�Û�v‚Ɩ󂳂ê‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·�B�wƒuƒbƒ_‚Ì<‹C‚«>‚ÌáÒ‘z�x�i–ì‘�ŽÐ�j‚Å‚Í�u�S‚Ì‘Î�Û�v‚Ɩ󂳂ê‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·�B�u–@�v‚Ɩ󂳂ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚à‚Ì‚à‚ ‚è�A‚³‚Ü‚´‚܂ȓú–{Œê–󂪂 ‚è‚Ü‚·�B

�uƒSƒGƒ“ƒJŽ�‚̃”ƒBƒpƒbƒTƒi�[áÒ‘z“ü–å�v�i�t�HŽÐ�j‚Å‚Í�u�S‚Ì’†–¡�v�icontents of the mind�j‚ƂȂÁ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·�B‚±‚Ì“ú–{Œê–󂪈ê”Ô“IŠm‚¾‚ÆŽv‚í‚ê‚Ü‚µ‚½‚Ì‚Å�A‚±‚̃z�[ƒ€ƒy�[ƒW‚Ì“ú–{Œê–󕶂ł͂»‚¤‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·�B

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ŒJ‚è•Ô‚³‚ê‚é�d—v‚È•¶�Í

 

Samudaya-dhammānupassī vā viharati.

Vaya-dhammānupassī vā viharati.

Samudaya-vaya-dhammānupassī vā viharati.8

One dwells observing the phenomenon of arising.�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�¶‚¶‚錻�Û‚ÉŠñ‚è“Y‚¢‘±‚¯‚é

One dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away.�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�Á‚¦‹Ž‚錻�Û‚ÉŠñ‚è“Y‚¢‘±‚¯‚é

One dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away.�¶‚¶‚Ä�Á‚¦‹Ž‚錻�Û‚ÉŠñ‚è“Y‚¢‘±‚¯‚é

These sentences reveal the essence of the practice of satipaṭṭhāna. Unless these three levels of anicca are experienced, we will not develop paññā (wisdom)  -  the equanimity based on the experience of impermanence  -  which leads to detachment and liberation. Therefore, in order to practise any of the four-fold satipaṭṭhānā we have to develop the constant thorough understanding of impermanence which in Pāli is known as sampajañña.�@

�ã‹L‚Ì‚R‚‚̃Aƒjƒbƒ`ƒƒ‚ðŒoŒ±‚µ‚È‚¢ŒÀ‚èƒpƒ“ƒjƒƒ�[‚ð”|‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢�B

‚±‚̃Aƒjƒbƒ`ƒƒ‚ð“O’ê“I‚É‹C‚«�AŠñ‚è“Y‚¢�A—�‰ð‚µ‘±‚¯‚邱‚Æ‚ðƒTƒ“ƒpƒWƒƒƒ“ƒjƒƒ‚ƌĂÔ

To remain sampajāno (the adjective form of sampajañña), one must meditate on the impermanence of phenomena (anicca-bodha–³�í�«�@), objectively observing mind and matter without reaction. The understanding of samudaya-vaya-dhammā (the nature of arising and passing away�¶‚¶‚Ä‚Í�Á‚¦‚邯‚¢‚¤�«Ž¿) cannot be by contemplation, which is merely a process of thinking, or by imagination or even by believing; it must be performed with paccanubhoti 11 (direct experience’¼�ڂ̑̌±), which is yathābhūta-ñāṇa-dassana 12 (experiential knowledge of the reality as it isŒoŒ±‚ÉŠî‚¢‚½‚ ‚è‚̂܂܂̌»ŽÀ). Here the observation of vedanā plays its vital role, because with vedanā a meditator very clearly and tangibly experiences samudaya-vaya (arising and passing away). Sampajañña, in fact, is directly perceiving the arising and passing away of vedanā, wherein all four facets of our being are included.

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Maha Satipatthana Sutta
�@ �@Translated by U Jotika and U Dhamminda

Thus have I heard

 

Thus have I heard.

The Bhagava was at one time residing at the market-town called Kammasadhamma in the Kuru country. There the Bhagava addressed the bhikkhus saying �gO, Bhikkhus�h, and they replied to him, �g Bhadante,�h.

Then the Bhagava said:

Bhikkhus, this is the one and the only way for the purification of beings, for overcoming sorrow and lamentation, for the cessation of physical and mental pain , for attainment of the Noble Paths and for the realization of Nibbana . That only way is the four satipatthanas.

What are these four?

Here, a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again the body ( kaya ) as just the body, not mine, not I, not self, but just a phenomenon, with diligence, clear understanding , and mindfulness, thus keeping away covetousness�iæÃ—~�j and mental pain in the world;

he dwells perceiving again and again feelings (vedana) as just feelings, not mine, not I, not self but just as phenomena, with diligence, clear understanding, and mindfulness, thus keeping away covetousness and mental pain in the world;

he dwells perceiving again and again the mind as just the mind, not mine, not I, not self but just a phenomenon, with diligence, clear understanding, and mindfulness, thus keeping away covetousness and mental pain in the world;

he dwells perceiving again and again dhammas as just dhammas, not mine, not I, not self but just as phenomena, with diligence, clear understanding, and mindfulness, thus keeping away covetousness and mental pain in the world.

 

 

Thus have I heard.

The words of Ananda Mahathera who was the Buddha�fs attendant monk. He recited the texts of the Dhamma, as he had heard them from the Buddha, at the First Council of monks (approx. 544 b.c.).

BhagavaThis is a polite form of address which was used when monks spoke to the Buddha.�@Blessed One.

Kuru country�@�@The Kuru country was located in North West India near New Delhi.

Bhikkhu�@�@�@A bhikkhu is a Buddhist monk who has received full ordination.

Bhadante�@�@�gBhadante�h is a polite answer to an elder or superior. Its approximate meaning would be �gYes, Venerable Sir�h.

The one and the only way�@�@   ekayano maggo

The one and the only way: ekayano, this means that this is: the only way which surely leads to the benefits listed, there is no other way, and this way leads to nowhere else. This statement does not need to be believed in blindly, but as a meditator practises he can verify it by his own experience.

cessation

Cessation is generally translated as�gdestruction�h which might wrongly imply an active attack on the physical and mental pain. However, the physical and mental pain cease due to lack of craving, just as a fire is extinguished due to lack of fuel.

Physical and mental pain

Physical and mental pain (dukkha-domanassa) is a compound word which denotes the whole spectrum of physical and mental pain. Here, dukkha (du = bad, painful, + kha = empty, space) refers to all types of physical pain, and domanassa (du = bad, painful + mana= mind) refers to all types of mental pain including frustration, grief, fear and various types of phobias�i‹°•|�Ç�j and neuroses.

Noble Paths

The Noble Path is the name for the consciousness that has Nibbana for its object. The Four Noble Paths are the path of a Stream Enterer (sotapatti magga), the path of the Once-returner (sakadagami magga), the path of a Non-returner (anagama magga), and the path of an Arahat (arahatta magga).

Nibbana (Skt. Nirvana) is a reality experienced by a mind totally free from greed, hatred, and delusion.

satipatthanas (Sati = mindfulness, awareness of what is occuring + patthanas = that which plunges into �i‰Ÿ‚µ�ž‚Þ�jand penetrates�iŠÑ‚­�j continuously, again and again) is the type of mindfulness that penetrates repeatedly into the body, feelings, mind, and dhammas, and sees the actual reality that is occurring. This is in contrast to the normal unmindful state in which the mind bounces or skips over these phenomena. �gThe four satipatthanas�h might therefore be translated as the �gfour steadfast(ŒÅ’肵‚½) mindfulnesses�h.

Kaya�@�@�@Kaya is the aggregate of physical phenomena. Here it refers to the corporeal body.

not mine, not I, not self, but just a phenomenon

The phrases, �gbody as just the body�h, �gfeelings as just feelings�h, �gmind as just the mind�h, �gdhammas as just dhammas�h, show that the body, feelings, mind, and dhammas are not to be seen as mine, I or self. This is the natural knowledge that arises from observing the body, feelings, mind and dhammas with steadfast mindfulness. It is not a belief. Normally this knowledge is absent due to lack of steadfast mindfulness.

diligence

Diligence (atapi) means bringing the mind back to the object of meditation again and again no matter how many times it slips away.

clear understanding

Clear understanding (sampajanya) is of four types: satthaka- sampajanya, sappaya-sampajanya, gocara-sampajanya and asammoha-sampajanya.

 

Before a meditator does any action he should first consider whether that action is or is not a beneficial action. This prior consideration is called satthaka-sampajanya.

If it is a beneficial action then the meditator should next consider whether it is suitable or proper. This is called sappaya-sampajanya. For example, if the meditator wishes to go to a pagoda to meditate this is a beneficial action. However, if at the time he wishes to go to the pagoda there is a large crowd gathered for a pagoda festival and there would be many disturbances because of that, then it would not be suitable.

The understanding of the proper field for the mind is gocara-sampajanya. If the meditator is practising the four sampajanyas this is the proper field for the mind. If he is thinking about or indulging in sense pleasures this is not the proper field for the mind.

The understanding that sees that all conditioned phenomena are impermanent and unsatisfactory and that sees all phenomena (including Nibbana) are not self is asammoha-sampajanya.

 

World�@World (loka) refers to anything that arises and passes away, i.e. The five aggregates of clinging.

Sensation, feelings (vedana)

Vedana (feelings) is not used here in the sense of�gemotions�h, but refers only to the pleasant, the unpleasant, and the neither pleasant nor unpleasant feelings that arise, only one at a time, with every consciousness, (i.e eye consciousness, ear-consciousness, nose-consciousness, tongue-consciousness, body-consciousness, and mind-consciousness).

It is important to see these feelings clearly as they are the cause of craving. Also, if the meditator does not see these clearly then he may think that there is a being experiencing feeling.ˆÓ–¡‚ÌŠm”F�H

mind (citta)�@�@�@Mind (citta) is that which knows, is aware, or is conscious.

dhammas

The word dhamma has a number of meanings according to the context in which it is used. It can mean: natural phenomena, mental objects, a state, truth, reality, wisdom, actions, good actions, practice, cause and offence.

 

Also, in English usage Dhamma (there are no capital letters in the Pali language) can mean the Teachings of the Buddha or the texts which contains those teachings. Here, in this context dhamma is any natural phenomenon that is not a concept and it is specifically referring to the five hindrances, the five aggregates of clinging, the six internal and external sense bases, the seven factors of enlightenment and the Four Noble Truths.

 

Bojjhanga –ÚŠo‚ß‚ðŽx‚¦‚é7‚‚̗v‘f�@�@�@�@

Mindfulness (sati). To maintain awareness of reality (dharma). ‹C‚«

Investigation of the nature of reality (dhamma vicaya). Œ»�Û‚Ì’T‹�

Energy (viriya) also determination, effort“w—Í�¸�i

Joy or rapture (pīti) Šì‚Ñ�@

Relaxation or tranquility (passaddhi) of both body and mind•½�Ã

Concentration, (samādhi) a calm, one-pointed state of mind,[1] or clear awareness�W’†�i�´—Á�j

Equanimity (upekkha). To accept reality as-it-is (yatha-bhuta) without craving or aversion. •½ˆÀ

 

 


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Ekāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā, sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāya, dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya, ñāyassa adhigamāya, nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya, yadidaṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā.

ekāyana�F[m.] the only way or means.

ayaṃ�FThis

 

 

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Š´Šo

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I.�@Kayanupassana

�@i.�@anapana Pabba (Section on In and Out breathing)

And how does a bhikkhu dwell perceiving again and again the body as just the body? Here a bhikkhu having gone to the forest, or to the foot of a tree, or to an empty, solitary place, sits down cross-legged, keeping his body erect, and directs his mindfulness towards the object of mindfulness. Then only with keen mindfulness he breathes in and only with keen mindfulness he breathes out.

Breathing in a long breath, he knows, �gI breathe in a long breath�h; breathing out a long breath, he knows, �gI breathe out a long breath�h

 

; breathing in a short breath, he knows, �gI breathe in a short breath�h

; breathing out a short breath, he knows, �gI breathe out a short breath�h,

�gAware of the whole breath body , I shall breathe in�h, thus he trains himself;

�gAware of the whole breath body, I shall breathe out�h, thus he trains himself.

�g Calming the process of breathing, I shall breathe in�h, thus he trains himself;

�gCalming the process of breathing, I shall breathe out�h, thus he trains himself.

 

Just as a skilful turner or a turner�fs apprentice pulling a long pull knows, �gI am pulling a long pull�h; pulling a short pull, knows, �gI am pulling a short pull�h,

just so a bhikkhu breathing in a long breath, knows, �gI breathe in a long breath�h; breathing out a long breath, knows, �gI breathe out a long breath�h; breathing in a short breath, knows, �gI breathe in a short breath�h; breathing out a short breath, knows, �gI breathe out a short breath�h.

�gAware of the whole breath body, I shall breathe in,�h thus he trains himself;

�gAware of the whole breath body, I shall breathe out�h, thus he trains himself.

�gCalming the process of breathing, I shall breathe in�h, thus he trains himself;

�gCalming the process of breathing, I shall breathe out�h, thus he trains himself.

Thus he dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body, not mine, not I, not self, but just a phenomenon, in himself; or he dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body in others ; or he dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body in both himself and in others. He dwells perceiving again and again the cause and the actual appearing of the body; or he dwells perceiving gain and again the cause and the actual dissolution of the body; or he dwells perceiving again and again both the actual appearing and dissolution of the body with their causes.

To summarize, he is firmly mindful of the fact that only the body exists, not a soul, a self or I. That mindfulness is just for gaining insight and mindfulness progressively. Being detached from craving and wrong views he dwells without clinging to anything in the world.

Thus, this is a way in which a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body.

 

 

solitary place�@the place for meditation should be as quiet and free from distractions as possible.

cross-legged

If sitting cross-legged is too painful the meditator will not be able to sit for very long. The main point is to sit in a comfortable and alert way. Therefore, a chair may be used. Mindfulness of breathing can also be developed while standing, walking or lying down.

mindfulness

The mindfulness should be directed to the place at which the breath makes contact with the upper lip or the tip of the nose depending on where it is felt in each individual.

whole breath body (sabbakaya) means the whole breath from the beginning to the end.

Calming the process of breathing

As the mind calms down the breath will also calm down without exerting any conscious control over it.

he trains himself

It is not necessary to repeat all the above phrases in the mind, but the essential point is to be aware of the actual phenomena. These phrases are all examples to show that the meditator has to be aware of the breath in whichever condition it is in and does not need to control the breath in any way.

Body�@�@�@Here �gbody�h means the process of breathing.

in others

The meditator knows by inference�i�„’è�j that in others, just as in himself, there is no I or self that breathes but just breathing exists. This cuts out delusion concerning external phenomena.

in both himself and in others�@�@�@�@�@This cannot be done at the same time but is done alternately.

appearing and dissolution of the body

The causes of the appearing and the dissolution of the body here and in subsequent sections are the existence or non-existence of ignorance of the Four Noble Truths, craving, kamma, and nutriment(‰h—{).
actual appearing and dissolution of the body with their causes

The causes of the appearing and the dissolution of the breath are the existence or the non-existence of the body, the nasal apertures�i•@�o�j, and the mind. The actual appearing and the actual dissolution refer to the actual phenomena of the breath arising and passing away. The main point here is to be aware of the actual appearing and the actual dissolution of the breath so as to perceive its impermanent, unsatisfactory and soulless�i‚‚܂ç‚È‚¢�j nature.

The causes of the appearing and the dissolution of feelings are the existence or non-existence of contact (phassa), ignorance of the Four Noble Truths, craving and kamma.

wrong views

Wrong view refers to thinking that there is a permanent self or I who is breathing. If the meditator sees the breath as impermanent, unsatisfactory, and not self then there will be no craving or wrong view at that time.

world (loka) refers to anything that arises and passes away, i.e. the five aggregates of clinging.

 

 

 

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I.
�@Kayanupassana

�@ii. Iriyapatha Pabba (Section on Postures)

And again, a bhikkhu while walking knows �g I am walking �h; while standing, he knows, �gI am standing�h; while sitting, he knows, �gI am sitting�h; while lying down he knows, �g I am lying down. �h To summarize, a bhikkhu should know whatever way his body �iBody here means the positions, postures, and movements of the body.�jis moving or placed.

Thus he dwells perceiving again and again the body �iHere �gbody�h means the process of breathing.�jas just the body, not mine, not I, not self, but just a phenomenon, in himself; or he dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body in others ; or he dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body in both himself and in others. He dwells perceiving again and again the cause and the actual appearing of the body; or he dwells perceiving gain and again the cause and the actual dissolution of the body; or he dwells perceiving again and again both the actual appearing and dissolution of the body with their causes.

To summarize, he is firmly mindful of the fact that only the body exists, not a soul, a self or I. That mindfulness is just for gaining insight and mindfulness progressively. Being detached from craving and wrong views he dwells without clinging to anything in the world.

Thus, this is a way in which a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body.

 

 

while walking�@�@�@�@While walking literally means while going.

I am walking

I am walking: Here as elsewhere in this discourse the use of the term �gI�h is only a grammatical usage and does not mean that an �gI�h really exists. In Pali language it is impossible to construct a verb without an ending showing a subject. A similar situation occurs in English where sometimes we have to make up a subject to make a sentence i.e. �gIt�fs raining�h. Clearly the �gIt�h does not exist and there is only raining. Similarly there is only walking and no�gI�h who is walking.

I am lying down.

When the meditator is aware of the actual motion of the legs and body, that is the sensation of touch and motion, he can be said to �gknow�h, �gI am walking�h. In all the postures he should be aware of what is actually happening in a similar way.

In others

The meditator knows by inference that in others, just as in himself, there is no I or self that breathes but just breathing exists. This cuts out delusion concerning external phenomena.

 


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�uŽ©•ª‚ª’¹‚ðŠ´‚¶‚é‚̂ł͂Ȃ­�AŽ©•ª‚Í‚»‚Ì’¹‚ÌŠ´Šo‚Å‚ ‚é�B—‹‚̉¹‚ð•·‚­‚̂ł͂Ȃ­�A‚ ‚È‚½‚Í—‹‚̉¹‚Ȃ̂¾�v

Ž‹Šo‚Æ�AŽ‹Šo‚ɉf‚Á‚½ŒõŒi‚Å‚ ‚é’¹‚Í“¯‚¶‚Å‚ ‚è�A’®Šo‚Æ�A’®Šo‚ªŠ´‚¶‚½—‹‚̉¹‚Í�A“¯‚¶‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Ƃł·�B

‚±‚̂悤‚ȑ̌±‚ðŒo‚Ä�A�uŽ©•ª‚ÆŽ©•ª‚̑̌±‚̊Ԃɂ͋«ŠE‚ª‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ª‚í‚©‚é�v ‚±‚ƂɂȂè�A�uŽ©•ª‚Ƒ̌±‚³‚ê‚é�¢ŠE‚ÌŠÔ‚É‚à‹«ŠE‚ª‚È‚¢‚±‚Æ‚ª–¾‚ç‚©‚ɂȂé�v ‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Ƃł·�B

Ž©•ª‚Æ�¢ŠE‚Ƃ̊Ԃɋ«ŠE‚ª‚È‚­‚È‚ê‚Î�A‚»‚Ì�uŠÔ‚̈ӎ¯�ó‘Ô‚Í�AƒPƒ“�EƒEƒBƒ‹ƒo�[‚ÌŒ¾‚¤ �u“�ˆêˆÓޝ�v ‚ƈê‘̂ƂȂÁ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚̂łµ‚傤�B

�u‹ê‚µ‚ނ͕̂”•ª‚Å‚ ‚è�A‘S‘̂ł͂Ȃ¢�B‹ê‚µ‚ނׂ«•ª—£‚µ‚½Ž©ŒÈ‚ȂǂȂ¢�B‚ ‚È‚½‚Í�í‚É‘S‘̂ł ‚è�AŽ©—R‚Ɖð•ú‚Æ‹P‚«‚µ‚©‚µ‚ç‚È‚¢�B‘S‘Ì‚ðŒå‚邯‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚Í�A•”•ª‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢‹ê‚µ‚݂ƒɂ݂Ǝ€‚̉^–½‚𓦂ê‚邱‚Æ‚¾�v

‚±‚ê‚͋ꂩ‚ç‚̉ð•ú‚Ì•û–@‚ð“`‚¦‚悤‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚éƒTƒeƒBƒpƒbƒ^�[ƒi�EƒXƒbƒ^‚ª–ÚŽw‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚Æ�A‚Ù‚Æ‚ñ‚Ç“¯‚¶‚ł͂Ȃ¢‚Å‚µ‚傤‚©�B

‚ǂ̂悤‚ɉðŽß‚·‚é‚É‚µ‚Ä‚à�A‚±‚±‚Å‚Ì�d—v‚ȃ|ƒCƒ“ƒg‚Í�A�u�g‘Ì�v �uŠ´Šo�v �u�S�v �u�S‚Ì’†–¡�v ‚ðŠÏŽ@‚µ�A‚»‚ÌŠÏŽ@‚ª�[‚܂邯�A�¶‚Ü‚ê‚Ä‚Í�Á‚¦‹Ž‚錻�Û‚¾‚¯‚ªŠÏŽ@‚³‚ê�A�uŽ©•ª�v ‚Æ‚¢‚¤ŽÀ‘̂͑¶�Ý‚µ‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤—�‰ð‚ª�¶‚Ü‚ê‚邯‚¢‚¤‚±‚Ƃł·�B‚»‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ð—�‰ð‚·‚邯�A‚±‚Ì�¢ŠE‚̉½‚à‚Ì‚É‚àŽ·’…‚ª‚È‚­‚È‚è�Aˆê�؂̂Ƃç‚í‚ꂪ�Á–Å‚µ�A‹ê‚©‚ç‰ð•ú‚³‚ê‚邯‚¢‚¤‚±‚Ƃł·�B

ƒTƒeƒBƒpƒbƒ^�[ƒi�EƒXƒbƒ^‚Í�A‚±‚Ì�¢‚̋ꂩ‚ç‰ð•ú‚³‚ê‚邽‚ß‚ÌŽèˆø�‘‚̂悤‚È‚à‚̂Ȃ̂ł·�B

 


I.�@Kayanupassana

�@iii. Section on Clear Understanding

And again, a bhikkhu, while going forward or while going back does so with clear understanding ; while looking straight ahead or while looking elsewhere he does so with clear understanding; while bending or stretching his limbs he does so with clear understanding; while carrying the alms bowl and while wearing the robes he does so with clear understanding; while eating, drinking, chewing, and savoring he does so with clear understanding; while urinating or defecating he does so with clear understanding; while walking, standing, sitting, falling asleep, waking, speaking or when remaining silent, he does so with clear understanding.

Thus he dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body, not mine, not I, not self, but just a phenomenon, in himself; or he dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body in others ; or he dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body in both himself and in others. He dwells perceiving again and again the cause and the actual appearing of the body; or he dwells perceiving gain and again the cause and the actual dissolution of the body; or he dwells perceiving again and again both the actual appearing and dissolution of the body with their causes.

To summarize, he is firmly mindful of the fact that only the body exists, not a soul, a self or I. That mindfulness is just for gaining insight and mindfulness progressively. Being detached from craving and wrong views he dwells without clinging to anything in the world.

Thus, this is a way in which a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body.

 


ˆê�@�g‘̂̃TƒeƒBƒpƒbƒ^�[ƒi

3.
‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é �@

�C�sŽÒ‚Í�A�o‚Ä‚¢‚­Žž‚à–߂鎞‚à�A‰½‚ð‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©�A‚«‚¿‚ñ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ä�s“®‚µ‚Ü‚·�B‘O‚ðŒ©‚Ä‚¢‚Ä‚à�A‚Ç‚±‚ðŒ©‚Ä‚¢‚Ä‚à�A‰½‚ðŒ©‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©�A‚«‚¿‚ñ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚µ‚ÄŒ©‚Ü‚·�BŽè‘«‚ð‹È‚°‚鎞‚à�A�L‚΂·Žž‚à�A‚«‚¿‚ñ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚µ‚ċȂ°‚½‚è�L‚΂µ‚½‚肵‚Ü‚·�B‘‚Ì”«‚ðŽ�‚ÂŽž‚à�A‘mˆß‚ð�g‚É’…‚¯‚鎞‚à�A‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ð‚«‚¿‚ñ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ä‚»‚¤‚µ‚Ü‚·�B�H‚ׂ鎞‚à�Aˆù‚ÞŽž‚à�AŠš‚ÞŽž‚à�A–¡‚í‚¤Žž‚à�A‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ð‚«‚¿‚ñ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ä‚»‚¤‚µ‚Ü‚·�B�¬•Ö‚ð‚·‚éŽž‚à�A‘å•Ö‚ð‚·‚éŽž‚à�A‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ð‚«‚¿‚ñ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ä‚»‚¤‚µ‚Ü‚·�B•à‚­Žž‚à�A—§‚ÂŽž‚à�A�À‚鎞‚à�A�Q“ü‚鎞‚à�A–ÚŠo‚߂鎞‚à�A˜b‚·Žž‚à�A–Ù‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚鎞‚à�A‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ð‚«‚¿‚ñ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ä‚»‚¤‚µ‚Ü‚·�B

‚±‚̂悤‚É�AŽ©•ª‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä�g‘Ì‚Í�g‘̂ɂ·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚킽‚µ‚Ì‚à‚̂łà‚È‚­�A‚킽‚µ‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŽ©•ª‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŒ»�Û‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B ‘¼�l‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä‚à �g‘Ì‚Í�g‘̂ɂ·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B Ž©•ª‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä‚à‘¼�l‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä‚à �A�g‘Ì‚Í�g‘̂ɂ·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B �g‘Ì‚ª‘¶�Ý‚·‚錴ˆö ‚Æ�AŽÀ�Û‚É�g‘Ì‚ª�oŒ»‚·‚é‚Ì‚ð�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B�g‘Ì‚ª‘¶�Ý‚·‚錴ˆö‚Æ�A�g‘Ì‚ªŽÀ�Û‚É�Á–Å‚·‚é‚Ì‚ð�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B�g‘Ì‚ªŽÀ�Û‚É�oŒ»‚µ�AŽÀ�Û‚É�Á–Å‚·‚é‚Ì‚ð�A Œ´ˆö ‚ƂƂà‚É�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B

‚‚܂è�A�°‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŽ©•ª‚Å‚à‚È‚­�A‚킽‚µ‚Å‚à‚È‚­�A�g‘݂̂̂ª‘¶�Ý‚·‚邯‚¢‚¤Ž–ŽÀ‚ð�A‚Í‚Á‚«‚è‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚±‚ÌŽ©Šo‚ª�A“´Ž@‚â‹C‚«‚ð’…ŽÀ‚É‚à‚½‚ç‚·‚̂ł·�B�C�sŽÒ‚Í�AЉ–]‚â ŠÔˆá‚Á‚½‚à‚̂̌©•û ‚©‚ç‹——£‚ð’u‚«�A�¢‚Ì’†‚̉½‚à‚Ì‚É‚àŽ·’…‚µ‚È‚¢‚Å�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B * (’� )

‚±‚ꂪ�g‘Ì‚Í�g‘̂ɂ·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é•û–@‚Ȃ̂ł·�B

�i‚«‚¿‚ñ‚Æ”cˆ¬‚·‚é —¹�j

 

 

 

 

iv. Panikulamanasika Pabba

(Section on Contemplation of Impurities)

And again, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu examines and reflects closely upon this very body, from the soles of the feet up

and from the tips of the head hair down, enclosed by the skin and full of various kinds of impurities,40 (thinking thus)

�gThere exists in this body: hair of the head, hair of the body, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, sinews, bones, marrow, kidneys, heart, liver, membranes (including the pleura, the diaphragm and other forms of membrane in the body), spleen, lungs, intestines, mysentery, gorge, fæces, brain, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, solid fat, tears, liquid fat, saliva, mucus, synovic fluid (i.e. lubricating oil of the joints) and urine.�h

Just as if, bhikkhus, there were a double-mouthed provision bag filled with various kinds of grain such as: hill-paddy, paddy, green-gram, cow pea, sesamum, and husked rice; and a man with sound eyes, having opened it, should examine it thus: �gThis is hill-paddy, this is paddy, this is green-gram, this is cow pea, this is sesamum, and this is husked rice.�h Just so, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu examines and reflects closely upon this very body, from the soles of the feet up and from the tips of the head hair down, enclosed by the skin and full of various kinds of impurities, (thinking thus) �gThere exists in this body: hair of the head, �c and urine.�f�f

Thus he dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body in himself�c. Thus, bhikkhus, this is also a way in which a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body.

 


ˆê�@�g‘̂̃TƒeƒBƒpƒbƒ^�[ƒi
4.
•s�ò‚ÌŠÏ‘z

‚»‚µ‚Ä�A‘«‚Ì— ‚©‚ç�ã‚Ö‚Æ�A”¯‚Ì–Ñ‚Ì�æ‚©‚牺‚Ö‚Æ�A”畆‚É•¢‚í‚ꂳ‚Ü‚´‚܂ȕs�ò•¨‚Å‚¢‚Á‚Ï‚¢‚Ì‚±‚Ì�g‘Ì‚ð‚¶‚Á‚­‚è‚ÆŠÏ‘z‚µ‚Ü‚·�B

�u‚±‚Ì�g‘̂ɂÍ�A”¯�A–Ñ�A’Ü�AŽ•�A”畆�A“÷�A‹Ø�A�œ�A�œ�‘�A�t‘Ÿ�A�S‘Ÿ�AŠÌ‘Ÿ�A˜]–Œ�AäB‘Ÿ�A”x�A’°�A’°ŠÔ–Œ�A�A�AŠç�A”]�A’_�`�Aá‚�A”^�AŒŒ�Aо�AŒÅŒ`މ–b�A—Ü�A‰t‘ÌŽ‰�A‘Á‰t�A”S‰t�AŠŠ‰t�A”A‚ª‚ ‚é�v ‚Æ�B

—¼’[‚ÉŒû‚ª‚ ‚è�A’†‚ɃT�[ƒŠ–à•Ä�Aƒ”ƒB�[ƒq–à•Ä�A—Γ¤�A“¤�AŒÓ–ƒ�AŒº•ĂȂÇ�A‚¢‚ë‚¢‚ë‚È�’•¨‚ňê”t‚ɂȂÁ‚Ä‚¢‚é‘Ü‚ª‚ ‚邿‚¤‚È‚à‚̂ł·�BŒ©•ª‚¯‚éŠá‚ðŽ�‚Á‚½ŽÒ‚ª�A‘Ü‚ðŠJ‚¯‚Ä �u‚±‚ê‚̓T�[ƒŠ–à•Ăł·�B‚±‚ê‚̓”ƒB�[ƒq–à•Ăł·�B‚±‚ê‚͗Γ¤‚Å‚·�B‚±‚ê‚Í“¤‚Å‚·�B‚±‚ê‚͌Ӗƒ‚Å‚·�B‚±‚ê‚ÍŒº•Ăł·�v ‚Æ’²‚ׂ邿‚¤‚ɂł·�B

‚±‚̂悤‚É‚µ‚Ä�A‘«‚Ì— ‚©‚ç�ã‚Ö‚Æ�A”¯‚Ì–Ñ‚Ì�æ‚©‚牺‚Ö‚Æ�A”畆‚É•¢‚í‚ê�A‚³‚Ü‚´‚܂ȕs�ò•¨‚Å‚¢‚Á‚Ï‚¢‚Ì‚±‚Ì�g‘Ì‚ð‚¶‚Á‚­‚è‚ÆŠÏ‘z‚µ‚Ü‚·�B

�u‚±‚Ì�g‘̂ɂÍ�A”¯�A–Ñ�A’Ü�AŽ•�A”畆�A“÷�A‹Ø�A�œ�A�œ�‘�A�t‘Ÿ�A�S‘Ÿ�AŠÌ‘Ÿ�A˜]–Œ�AäB‘Ÿ�A”x�A’°�A’°ŠÔ–Œ�A�A�AŠç�A”]�A’_�`�Aá‚�A”^�AŒŒ�Aо�AŒÅŒ`މ–b�A—Ü�A‰t‘ÌŽ‰�A‘Á‰t�A”S‰t�AŠŠ‰t�A”A‚ª‚ ‚é�v ‚Æ�B

‚±‚̂悤‚É�AŽ©•ª‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä�g‘Ì‚Í�g‘̂ɂ·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚킽‚µ‚Ì‚à‚̂łà‚È‚­�A‚킽‚µ‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŽ©•ª‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŒ»�Û‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B ‘¼�l‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä‚à �g‘Ì‚Í�g‘̂ɂ·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B Ž©•ª‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä‚à‘¼�l‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä‚à �A�g‘Ì‚Í�g‘̂ɂ·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B �g‘Ì‚ª‘¶�Ý‚·‚錴ˆö ‚Æ�AŽÀ�Û‚É�g‘Ì‚ª�oŒ»‚·‚é‚Ì‚ð�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B�g‘Ì‚ª‘¶�Ý‚·‚錴ˆö‚Æ�A�g‘Ì‚ªŽÀ�Û‚É�Á–Å‚·‚é‚Ì‚ð�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B�g‘Ì‚ªŽÀ�Û‚É�oŒ»‚µ�AŽÀ�Û‚É�Á–Å‚·‚é‚Ì‚ð�A Œ´ˆö ‚ƂƂà‚É�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B

‚‚܂è�A�°‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŽ©•ª‚Å‚à‚È‚­�A‚킽‚µ‚Å‚à‚È‚­�A�g‘݂̂̂ª‘¶�Ý‚·‚邯‚¢‚¤Ž–ŽÀ‚ð�A‚Í‚Á‚«‚è‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚±‚ÌŽ©Šo‚ª�A“´Ž@‚â‹C‚«‚ð’…ŽÀ‚É‚à‚½‚ç‚·‚̂ł·�B�C�sŽÒ‚Í�AЉ–]‚â ŠÔˆá‚Á‚½‚à‚̂̌©•û ‚©‚ç‹——£‚ð’u‚«�A�¢‚Ì’†‚̉½‚à‚Ì‚É‚àŽ·’…‚µ‚È‚¢‚Å�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B * (’� )

‚±‚ꂪ�g‘Ì‚Í�g‘̂ɂ·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é•û–@‚Ȃ̂ł·�B

�i•s�ò‚ÌŠÏ‘z —¹�j

 

 

I.�@Kayanupassana

�@v. Dhatumanasika Pabba (Section on Contemplation on Elements)

And again, a bhikkhu examines and reflects closely upon this very body however it be placed or disposed as composed of primary elements thus:

�gThere exists in this body the earth element, the water element, the fire element, and the air element.�h

Just as if a skillful butcher or his apprentice, having slaughtered a cow and divided it into portions were sitting at the junction of four high roads, just so, a bhikkhu examines and reflects closely upon this body however it be placed or disposed as composed of the primary elements thus:

�gThere exists in this body the earth element, the water element, the fire element, and the air element.�h

Thus he dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body, not mine, not I, not self, but just a phenomenon, in himself; or he dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body in others ; or he dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body in both himself and in others. He dwells perceiving again and again the cause and the actual appearing of the body; or he dwells perceiving gain and again the cause and the actual dissolution of the body; or he dwells perceiving again and again both the actual appearing and dissolution of the body with their causes.

To summarize, he is firmly mindful of the fact that only the body exists, not a soul, a self or I. That mindfulness is just for gaining insight and mindfulness progressively. Being detached from craving and wrong views he dwells without clinging to anything in the world.

Thus, this is a way in which a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body.

 

 

Elements     Only primary elements and no being or soul.

four high roads

In this simile(’¼šg) the four high roads represent the four postures. The butcher or his apprentice represents a meditator who sees the body as only elements, just as the cow having been divided is no longer seen as a cow but is seen only as meat.

 

 

ˆê�@�g‘̂̃TƒeƒBƒpƒbƒ^�[ƒi

5. Œ³‘f 
‚ÌŠÏ‘z

 

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Navasivathika Pabba (Section on Nine Stages of Corpses)

Part 1
And again if a bhikkhu should see a body, one day dead, or two days dead, or three days dead, swollen, blue and festering, discarded in the charnel ground, he then compares it to his own body thus:

�gTruly this body is of the same nature, it will become like that and cannot escape from it.�h

this body  The meditations based on corpses are best done while or after actually seeing a corpse. By seeing the reality that the body will one day be a corpse too, the mind becomes free from attachment to the body.

Part 2
And again if a bhikkhu should see a body discarded in the charnel ground, being devoured by crows, being devoured by hawks, being devoured by vultures, being devoured by herons, being devoured by dogs, being devoured by tigers, being devoured by leopards, being devoured by jackals, or being devoured by various kinds of worms, he then compares it to his own body thus:

�gTruly this body is of the same nature, it will become like that and cannot escape from it.�h

Part 3
And again if a bhikkhu should see a body discarded in the charnel ground, that is just a skeleton held together by the tendons, with some flesh and blood still adhering to it, he then compares it to his own body thus:

�gTruly this body is of the same nature, it will become like that and cannot escape from it.�h

Part 4
And again if a bhikkhu should see a body, discarded in the charnel ground, that is just a skeleton held together by the tendons, blood-besmeared, fleshless, he then compares it to his own body thus:

�gTruly this body is of the same nature, it will become like that and cannot escape from it.�h

Part 5
And again if a bhikkhu should see a body, discarded in the charnel ground, that is just a skeleton held together by the tendons without flesh and blood, he then compares it to his own body thus:

�gTruly this body is of the same nature, it will become like that and cannot escape from it.�h

Part 6
And again if a bhikkhu should see a body, discarded in the charnel ground, that is just loose bones scattered in all directions; at one place bones of a hand, at another place bones of a foot, at another place ankle-bones, at another place shin-bones, at another place thigh-bones, at another place hip-bones, at another place rib-bones, at another place spinal-bones, at another place shoulder-bones, at another place neck-bones, at another place the jawbone, at another place the teeth, and at another place the skull, he then compares it to his own body thus:

�gTruly this body is of the same nature, it will become like that and cannot escape from it.�h

Part 7
And again if a bhikkhu should see a body, discarded in the charnel ground, that is just white bones of conch-like colour, he then compares it to his own body thus:

�gTruly this body is of the same nature, it will become like that and cannot escape from it.�h

Part 8
And again if a bhikkhu should see a body, discarded in the charnel ground, that is bones more than a year old, lying in a heap, he then compares it to his own body thus:

�gTruly this body is of the same nature, it will become like that and cannot escape from it.�h

Part 9
And again if a bhikkhu should see a body, discarded in the charnel ground, that is just rotted bones, crumbling to dust, he then compares it to his own body thus:

�gTruly this body is of the same nature, it will become like that and cannot escape from it.�h

Thus he dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body, not mine, not I, not self, but just a phenomenon, in himself; or he dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body in others ; or he dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body in both himself and in others. He dwells perceiving again and again the cause and the actual appearing of the body; or he dwells perceiving gain and again the cause and the actual dissolution of the body; or he dwells perceiving again and again both the actual appearing and dissolution of the body with their causes.

To summarize, he is firmly mindful of the fact that only the body exists, not a soul, a self or I. That mindfulness is just for gaining insight and mindfulness progressively. Being detached from craving and wrong views he dwells without clinging to anything in the world.

Thus, this is a way in which a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body.

 

 


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�i‹ã’iŠK‚ÌŽ€‘Ì —¹�j

 


II.
�@Vedananupassana

And how does a bhikkhu dwell perceiving again and again that feelings are just feelings, not mine, not I, not self but just as phenomena?

While experiencing a pleasant feeling, a bhikkhu knows,

�gI am experiencing a pleasant feeling�h;

or while experiencing an unpleasant feeling, he knows,

�gI am experiencing an unpleasant feeling�h;

or while experiencing a feeling that is neither pleasant nor unpleasant,

he knows,

�gI am experiencing a feeling that is neither pleasant nor unpleasant.�h

While experiencing a pleasant feeling associated with sense pleasures, he knows,

�gI am experiencing a pleasant feeling associated with sense pleasures�h;

or while experiencing a pleasant feeling not associated with sense pleasures, he knows,

�gI am experiencing a pleasant feeling not associated with sense pleasures.�h

While experiencing an unpleasant feeling associated with sense pleasures, he knows,

�gI am experiencing an unpleasant feeling associated with sense pleasures�h;

or while experiencing an unpleasant feeling not associated with sense pleasures, he knows,

�gI am experiencing an unpleasant feeling not associated with sense pleasures.�g

While experiencing a feeling, that is neither pleasant nor unpleasant that is associated with sense pleasures, he knows,

�gI am experiencing a feeling that is neither pleasant nor unpleasant that is associated with sense pleasures�h;

or while experiencing a feeling that is neither pleasant nor unpleasant that is not associated with sense pleasures, he knows,

�gI am experiencing a feeling that is neither pleasant nor unpleasant that is not associated with sense pleasures.�h

Thus he dwells perceiving again and again the feeling as just the body, not mine, not I, not self, but just a phenomenon, in himself; or he dwells perceiving again and again the feeling as just the feeling in others ; or he dwells perceiving again and again the feeling as just the feeling in both himself and in others. He dwells perceiving again and again the cause and the actual appearing of the feeling; or he dwells perceiving gain and again the cause and the actual dissolution of the feeling; or he dwells perceiving again and again both the actual appearing and dissolution of the feeling with their causes.

To summarize, he is firmly mindful of the fact that only the feeling exists, not a soul, a self or I. That mindfulness is just for gaining insight and mindfulness progressively. Being detached from craving and wrong views he dwells without clinging to anything in the world.

Thus, in this way a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again feelings as just feelings.

 

 

feelings

Vedana (feelings) is not used here in the sense of�gemotions�h, but refers only to the pleasant, the unpleasant, and the neither pleasant nor unpleasant feelings that arise, only one at a time, with every consciousness, (i.e eye-consciousness, ear-consciousness,nose-consciousness, tongue-consciousness, body-consciousness, and mind-consciousness). It is important to see these feelings clearly as they are the cause of craving. Also, if the meditator does not see these clearly then he may think that there is a being experiencing feeling.

pleasant feeling     Pleasant feelings are bodily comfort, mental happiness and so on.

unpleasant feeling  Unpleasant feeling is bodily pain and mental pain, and so on.

neither pleasant nor unpleasant feeling

Neither pleasant nor unpleasant feeling is the hardest to perceive as its characteristic is the absence of pleasure and pain, e.g., the neutral feeling that is normally present on the surface of the eye and the feeling in the mind when it is neither happy nor unhappy.

sense pleasures  are the normal type of pleasure and happiness based on sense pleasures.

pleasant feeling not associated with sense pleasures

It is the happiness experienced while seeing the true nature of body and mind.

unpleasant feeling associated with sense pleasures

It is the unpleasant feeling experienced when one does not obtain the sense pleasures one wants to obtain.

neither pleasant nor unpleasant that is associated with sense pleasures

It is the neutral feeling experienced when the mind is calm and detached from sense pleasures.

 

 

 

 

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III.�@Cittanupassana

And how does a bhikkhu dwell perceiving again and again the mind as just the mind, not mine, not I, not self but just as phenomena?

When a mind with greed arises, a bhikkhu knows, �gThis is a mind with greed�h;

or when a mind without greed arises, he knows, �gThis is a mind without greed�h;

when a mind with anger arises, he knows, �gThis is a mind with anger�h;

or when a mind without anger arises, he knows, �gThis is a mind without anger�h;

when a mind with delusion arises, he knows, �gThis is a mind with delusion�h;

or when a mind without delusion arises, he knows, �gThis is a mind without delusion�h;

or when a lazy, slothful mind arises, he knows, �gThis is a lazy, slothful mind�h;

or when a distracted mind arises, he knows, �gThis is a distracted mind�h;

or when a developed mind arises, he knows, �gThis is a developed mind�h;

or when an undeveloped mind arises, he knows, �gThis is an undeveloped mind�h;

or when an inferior mind arises, he knows, �gThis is an inferior mind�h;

or when a superior mind arises, he knows, �gThis is a superior mind�h;

or when a concentrated mind arises, he knows, �gThis is a concentrated mind�h;

or when an unconcentrated mind arises, he knows, �gThis is an unconcentrated mind�h;

or when a mind temporarily free from defilements arises, he knows, �gThis is a mind temporarily free from defilements�h;

or when a mind not free from defilements arises, he knows, �gThis is a mind not free from defilements�h.

Thus he dwells perceiving again and again the mind as just the mind, not mine, not I, not self, but just a phenomenon, in himself; or he dwells perceiving again and again the mind as just the mind in others ; or he dwells perceiving again and again the mind as just the mind in both himself and in others. He dwells perceiving again and again the cause and the actual appearing of the mind; or he dwells perceiving gain and again the cause and the actual dissolution of the mind; or he dwells perceiving again and again both the actual appearing and dissolution of the mind with their causes.

To summarize, he is firmly mindful of the fact that only the mind exists, not a soul, a self or I. That mindfulness is just for gaining insight and mindfulness progressively. Being detached from craving and wrong views he dwells without clinging to anything in the world.

Thus, in this way a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again the mind as just the mind.

 

 

greed (raga) does not just mean strong passion but refers to the whole range of lust, craving, and attachment to sense pleasures from the weakest sensual desire to the strongest lust. It can produce only unwholesome actions.

mind without greed is the opposite of greed and is the cause of renunciation, generosity, charity, and giving.

anger

Anger (dosa) always occurs together with mental pain (domanassa). Therefore, if mental pain is present the meditator should know that anger is also present. Aversion, ill-will, frustration, fear, and sadness are all included in this term. Anger can produce only unwholesome actions.

mind without anger

The mind without anger is the wholesome opposite of anger and is the cause of loving-kindness (metta), friendliness, and goodwill.

delusion

Delusion (moha) is the mental concomitant�i•t‘®•¨�j that clouds and blinds the mind making it unable to discern between right and wrong actions, unable to perceive the characteristics of impermanence, unsatisfactoriness, and soullessness, and unable to perceive the Four Noble Truths.

It is common to all unwholesome types of consciousness but here it refers specifically to those types of consciousness associated with doubt, uncertainty, restlessness, distraction�i�¬—��j, and confusion.

mind without delusion

The mind without delusion is the wholesome opposite of delusion. It is the wisdom that perceives the impermanent, unsatisfactory and soulless nature of conditioned phenomena, perceives the Four Noble Truths, and is able to discern between right and wrong actions.

Greed, anger, delusion and their opposites all have a wide range of intensity from weak to strong. In insight meditation it is important to be aware of whatever is present in the mind no matter how weak or strong it appears to be.

lazy, slothful mind  is the shrunken mind that is lethargic�i–³‹C—Í�j, indolent�i‘Ó‘Ä�j, and lacks interest in anything.

distracted mind (vikkhittacitta)A diffused�iŽU—��j, restless state of mind that goes here and there is therefore not concentrated.

developed mind (mahagattacitta)

The developed mind is the type of mind experienced in the rapa jhanas and arapa jhanas.

undeveloped mind (amahagattacitta)

The undeveloped mind is the mind as generally found in the sensuous (kamavacara) realms (i.e. without jhanas).

inferior mind (sauttaracitta)   As an undeveloped mind

superior mind (anuttaracitta)

The rapa jhanas and arapa jhanas. Amongst these two the arapa jhanas are superior to the rapa jhanas.

concentrated mind (samahitacitta)

The mind with either proximate concentration (upacara samadhi) or absorption concentration (appana samadhi). A meditator who has no experience of jhana will not need to be mindful of the concentrated mind, the superior mind or the developed mind.

unconcentrated mind (asamahitacitta)     The mind without proximate or absorption concentration.

mind temporarily free from defilements (vimutticitta)

The mind temporarily free from defilements due to insight or jhana. There are ten defilements (kilesa), namely: greed, anger, delusion, conceit(–��S), wrong views, doubt, sloth�i‘Ó‘Ä�j, distraction, lack of moral shame, lack of moral dread�iˆØŒh‚Ì”O�j (lobho, doso, moho, mano, dinyahi, vicikiccha, thinau, uddhacau, ahirikau, anottapau).

 

 

 


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IV.�@Dhammanupassana

And how does a bhikkhu dwell perceiving again and again dhammas as just dhammas, not mine, not I, not self, but just as phenomena?

i.�@Navaraoa Pabba (Section on Hindrances)

Here a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again the five hindrances as just the five hindrances, not mine, not I, not self, but just as phenomena. And how does a bhikkhu dwell perceiving again and again the five hindrances as just the five hindrances?

Here, while sense-desire is present in him, a bhikkhu knows, �gThere is sense-desire present in me�h; or while sense-desire is not present in him, he knows, �gThere is no sense-desire present in me�h. He also knows how the sense-desire which has not yet arisen comes to arise; he knows how the sense-desire that has arisen comes to be discarded; and he knows how the discarded sense-desire will not arise in the future.

While ill-will is present in him he knows, �gThere is ill-will present in me�h; or while ill-will is not present in him, he knows, �gThere is no ill-will present in me.�h He also knows how the ill-will which has not yet arisen comes to arise; he knows how the ill-will which has arisen comes to be discarded; and he knows how the discarded ill-will will not arise in the future.

While sloth and torpor are present in him, he knows, �gThere are sloth and torpor present in me�h; or while sloth and torpor are not present in him, he knows �gThere is no sloth and torpor present in me.�h He also knows how the sloth and torpor which has not yet arisen comes to arise; he knows how the sloth and torpor that has arisen comes to be discarded; and he knows how the discarded sloth and torpor will not arise in the future.

While distraction and worry are present in him, he knows, �gThere are distraction and worry present in me�h; or while distraction and worry are not present in him, he knows, �gThere are no distraction and worry present in me.�h He knows how the distraction and worry which has not yet arisen comes to arise, he knows how the distraction and worry that has arisen comes to be discarded; and he knows how the discarded distraction and worry will not arise in the future.

While doubt or wavering of the mind is present in him, he knows, �gThere is doubt or wavering of the mind present in me�h; or while doubt or wavering of the mind is not present in him, he knows, �gThere is no doubt or wavering of mind present in me.�h He also knows how the doubt or wavering of mind which has not yet arisen comes to arise; he knows how the doubt or wavering of mind that has arisen comes to be discarded; and he knows how the discarded doubt or wavering of mind will not arise in the future.

Thus he dwells perceiving again and again dhammas as just dhammas, not mine, not I, not self, but just a phenomenon, in himself; or he dwells perceiving again and again dhammas as just dhammas in others; or he dwells perceiving again and again dhammas as just dhammas in both himself and in others. He dwells perceiving again and again the cause and the actual appearing of dhammas ; or he dwells perceiving again and again the cause and the actual dissolution of dhammas ; or he dwells perceiving again and again both the actual appearing and dissolution of dhammas with their causes.

To summarize, he is firmly mindful of the fact that only dhammas exists, not a soul, a self or I. That mindfulness is just for gaining insight and mindfulness progressively. Being detached from craving and wrong views he dwells without clinging to anything in the world.

Thus in this way a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again the five hindrances as just the five hindrances.

 

 

five hindrances

The five hindrances are unwholesome mental concomitants that confuse the mind and obstruct it from achieving wholesome states such as insight or jhana.

sense-desire

Sense-desire is the craving for any of the five types of sense-objects (i.e. sights, sounds, smells, tastes and tactile objects). It arises due to unwise attention to the pleasant aspect of an object. It is discarded due to the wise attention to the perception of either impermanence, unsatisfactoriness or soullessness or to the unpleasant aspect of an object. It is totally eradicated by the path of an Anagama (anagama magga).

ill-wille

Ill-will is the same as anger. It arises due to the unwise attention to the unpleasant aspect of an object. It is discarded�iŽÌ‚Ä‚é�j due to wise attention to the perception of either impermanence, unsatisfactoriness, or soullessness or to the development of lovingkindness. It is totally eradicated by the path of Anagama.

sloth and torpor

Sloth and torpor�i–³‹C—Í�j refer to the state of indolence�i‘Ó‘Ä�j, dullness of mind and dullness of mental concomitants�i•t‘®•¨�j. They arise due to unwise attention to lack of interest, lazy stretching of the body, drowsiness after meals, and mental sluggishness�i‚à‚Ì‚®‚³�j. They are mental concomitants and do not refer to physical tiredness. They are discarded due to wise attention to the perception of either impermanence, unsatisfactoriness, or soullessness or to the development of energy and exertion. They are totally eradicated by the path of an Arahat (arahatta magga).

distraction and worry

Distraction (uddhacca) refers to the agitated, restless, and unconcentrated mind. Worry (kukkucca) refers to worrying about past actions that one has or has not done. They arise due to unwise attention to the things that cause distraction and worry. They are discarded by wise attention to the perception of either impermanence, unsatisfactoriness, or soullessness or to the development of calmness of mind. Distraction is totally eradicated by the path of an Arahat. Worry is totally eradicated by the path of an Anagami.

doubt or wavering

Doubt or wavering refers to doubts such as �gIs the Buddha really fully enlightened?�h; �gDoes this practice really lead to the cessation of dukkha?�h; �gHave the disciples of the Buddha really attained enlightenment by this practice?�h; �gIs there a future life?�h; Was there a past life?�h.

 

Doubt or wavering arises due to unwise attention to things that cause doubt. It is discarded due to wise attention to the perception of either impermanence, unsatisfacturiness, or soullessness or to the Dhamma. It is totally eradicated by the path of a Sotapanna or Streamwinner (sotapatti magga).

 

 


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‚Å‚Í�A‚Ç‚¤‚·‚ê‚Î�A �S‚Ì’†–¡‚Í�S‚Ì’†–¡‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚킽‚µ‚Ì‚à‚̂łà‚È‚­�A‚킽‚µ‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŽ©•ª‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŒ»�Û‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢ ‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Å‚µ‚傤�B

1. “¹‚Ì–W‚°‚ƂȂéŒÜ‚‚Ì�áŠQ �iЉ–]�AŒ™ˆ«�A‘Ó‘Ä�A•sˆÀ�A‹^�S�j

�C�sŽÒ‚Í�AŒÜ‚‚Ì�áŠQ‚͌܂‚Ì�áŠQ‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚킽‚µ‚Ì‚à‚̂łà‚È‚­�A‚킽‚µ‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŽ©•ª‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŒ»�Û‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B‚Å‚Í�A‚Ç‚¤‚·‚ê‚Î�AŒÜ‚‚Ì�áŠQ‚͌܂‚Ì�áŠQ‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Å‚µ‚傤�B

Љ–] (sense-desire)
“÷‘Ì“I—~–] 
‚ª‚ ‚鎞‚É‚Í�A �u‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚ɂ͓÷‘Ì“I—~–]‚ª‚ ‚é�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B“÷‘Ì“I—~–]‚ª‚È‚¢Žž‚É‚Í�A �u‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚ɂ͓÷‘Ì“I—~–]‚ª‚È‚¢�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚Ü‚¾�¶‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢“÷‘Ì“I—~–]‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É�¶‚¶‚é‚Ì‚©‚àŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B�¶‚¶‚½“÷‘Ì“I—~–]‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É�Á‚¦‚é‚Ì‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B�Á‚¦‚½“÷‘Ì“I—~–]‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É‚·‚ê‚Î�«—ˆ�¶‚¶‚È‚¢‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B

Œ™ˆ« (ill-will)
ˆ«ˆÓ 
‚ª‚ ‚鎞‚É‚Í�A �u‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚ɂ͈«ˆÓ‚ª‚ ‚é�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�Bˆ«ˆÓ‚ª‚È‚¢Žž‚É‚Í�A �u‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚Ɉ«ˆÓ‚͂Ȃ¢�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚Ü‚¾�¶‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢ˆ«ˆÓ‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É�¶‚¶‚é‚Ì‚©‚àŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B�¶‚¶‚½ˆ«ˆÓ‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É�Á‚¦‚é‚Ì‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B�Á‚¦‚½ˆ«ˆÓ‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É‚·‚ê‚Î�«—ˆ�¶‚¶‚È‚¢‚Ì‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B

‘Ó‘Ä (sloth and torpor)
‘Ó‚¯�S‚⌑‘ÓŠ´ 
‚ª‚ ‚鎞‚É‚Í�A �u‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚ɂ͑ӂ¯�S‚⌑‘ÓŠ´‚ª‚ ‚é�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‘Ó‚¯�S‚⌑‘ÓŠ´‚ª‚È‚¢Žž‚É‚Í�A �u‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚ɂ͑ӂ¯�S‚⌑‘ÓŠ´‚ª‚È‚¢�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚Ü‚¾�¶‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‘Ó‚¯�S‚⌑‘ÓŠ´‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É�¶‚¶‚é‚Ì‚©‚àŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B�¶‚¶‚½‘Ó‚¯�S‚⌑‘ÓŠ´‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É�Á‚¦‚é‚Ì‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B�Á‚¦‚½‘Ó‚¯�S‚⌑‘ÓŠ´‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É‚·‚ê‚Î�«—ˆ�¶‚¶‚È‚¢‚Ì‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B

•sˆÀ (distraction and worry)
’�ˆÓŽU–Ÿ‚Æ•sˆÀ 
‚ª‚ ‚鎞‚É‚Í�A �u‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚ɂ͒�ˆÓŽU–Ÿ‚Æ•sˆÀ‚ª‚ ‚é�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B’�ˆÓŽU–Ÿ‚Æ•sˆÀ‚ª‚È‚¢Žž‚É‚Í�A �u‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚ɂ͒�ˆÓŽU–Ÿ‚Æ•sˆÀ‚ª‚È‚¢�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚Ü‚¾�¶‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢’�ˆÓŽU–Ÿ‚Æ•sˆÀ‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É�¶‚¶‚é‚Ì‚©‚àŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B�¶‚¶‚½’�ˆÓŽU–Ÿ‚Æ•sˆÀ‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É�Á‚¦‚é‚Ì‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B�Á‚¦‚½’�ˆÓŽU–Ÿ‚Æ•sˆÀ‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É‚·‚ê‚Î�«—ˆ�¶‚¶‚È‚¢‚Ì‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B

‹^�S (doubt or wavering)
“®—h‚â‹^”O 
‚ª‚ ‚鎞‚É‚Í�A �u‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚ɂ͓®—h‚â‹^”O‚ª‚ ‚é�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B“®—h‚â‹^”O‚ª‚È‚¢Žž‚É‚Í�A �u‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚ɂ͓®—h‚â‹^”O‚ª‚È‚¢�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚Ü‚¾�¶‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢“®—h‚â‹^”O‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É�¶‚¶‚é‚Ì‚©‚àŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B�¶‚¶‚½“®—h‚â‹^”O‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É�Á‚¦‚é‚Ì‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B�Á‚¦‚½“®—h‚â‹^”O‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É‚·‚ê‚Î�«—ˆ�¶‚¶‚È‚¢‚Ì‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B

‚±‚̂悤‚É�AŽ©•ª‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä�S‚Ì’†–¡‚Í�S‚Ì’†–¡‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚킽‚µ‚Ì‚à‚̂łà‚È‚­�A‚킽‚µ‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŽ©•ª‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŒ»�Û‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B ‘¼�l‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä‚à �S‚Ì’†–¡‚Í�S‚Ì’†–¡‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B Ž©•ª‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä‚à‘¼�l‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä‚à �A�S‚Ì’†–¡‚Í�S‚Ì’†–¡‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B �S‚Ì’†–¡‚ª‘¶�Ý‚·‚錴ˆö ‚Æ�AŽÀ�Û‚É�S‚Ì’†–¡‚ª�oŒ»‚·‚é‚Ì‚ð�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B�S‚Ì’†–¡‚ª‘¶�Ý‚·‚錴ˆö‚Æ�A�S‚Ì’†–¡‚ªŽÀ�Û‚É�Á–Å‚·‚é‚Ì‚ð�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B�S‚Ì’†–¡‚ªŽÀ�Û‚É�oŒ»‚µ�AŽÀ�Û‚É�Á–Å‚·‚é‚Ì‚ð�A Œ´ˆö ‚ƂƂà‚É�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B

‚‚܂è�A�°‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŽ©•ª‚Å‚à‚È‚­�A‚킽‚µ‚Å‚à‚È‚­�A�S‚Ì’†–¡‚݂̂ª‘¶�Ý‚·‚邯‚¢‚¤Ž–ŽÀ‚ð�A‚Í‚Á‚«‚è‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚±‚ÌŽ©Šo‚ª�A“´Ž@‚â‹C‚«‚ð’…ŽÀ‚É‚à‚½‚ç‚·‚̂ł·�B�C�sŽÒ‚Í�AЉ–]‚â ŠÔˆá‚Á‚½‚à‚̂̌©•û ‚©‚ç‹——£‚ð’u‚«�A�¢‚Ì’†‚̉½‚à‚Ì‚É‚àŽ·’…‚µ‚È‚¢‚Å�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B * (’� )

‚±‚ꂪŒÜ‚‚Ì�áŠQ‚͌܂‚Ì�áŠQ‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é•û–@‚Ȃ̂ł·�B

�i“¹‚Ì–W‚°‚ƂȂéŒÜ‚‚Ì�áŠQ —¹�j

 

“÷‘Ì“I—~–]

“÷‘Ì“I—~–]‚Í�AŒÜŠ´ �iŽ‹Šo�A’®Šo�AškŠo�A–¡Šo�A�GŠo�j ‚Ì‘Î�Û•¨‚ɑ΂·‚銉–]‚ðˆÓ–¡‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·�B‚±‚Ì‘Î�Û•¨‚ɑ΂·‚é�S’n—Ç‚¢‘¤–Ê‚¾‚¯‚ɂƂç‚í‚ê‚½Žž�A‚±‚ÌŠ‰–]‚ª�¶‚Ü‚ê‚Ü‚·�B�S’n—Ç‚¢‘¤–ʂ͉i‘±‚µ‚È‚¢‚ÆŠ´‚¶‚é‚©�A‚»‚Ì‘Î�Û•¨‚Ì�S’nˆ«‚¢‘¤–Ê‚ð‹C‚­‚Æ�A�Á‚¦‹Ž‚è‚Ü‚·�B

Š®‘S‚É�Á‚µ‹Ž‚é‚É‚Í�Aˆ¢“ߊ܂̓¹‚ð•à‚Þ‚±‚Æ‚¾‚»‚¤‚Å‚·�B

anDgDmin ‚̉¹–ó�BƒAƒT�[ƒK�[ƒ~�i•sŠÒ‰Ê�j•\‚킵�A�ã�À•”•§‹³‚Å�à‚­�A�¹ŽÒ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚Ì�AŽl‚‚Ì�C�sŠKˆÊ‚Ì‘æŽO�B—~ŠE‚Ì�C˜f�i‚µ‚ã‚í‚­�j‚ð’f‚¶�I‚í‚è�A�Ăї~ŠE‚É�¶‚Ü‚êŠÒ‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚È‚­‚Ȃ邱‚Æ

 

ˆ«ˆÓ

ˆ«ˆÓ‚Í�A“{‚è‚Æ“¯‚¶‚Å�AŒÜŠ´ �iŽ‹Šo�A’®Šo�AškŠo�A–¡Šo�A�GŠo�j ‚Ì‘Î�Û•¨‚ª‚±‚ê‚܂ł̎©•ª‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä�S’nˆ«‚¢‘¤–Ê‚ª‘å‚«‚¢‚±‚Æ‚©‚ç�¶‚Ü‚ê‚Ü‚·�B‚±‚Ì‘Î�Û•¨‚ɑ΂·‚é�S’nˆ«‚¢‘¤–ʂ͉i‘±‚µ‚È‚¢‚Æ’m‚邱‚Æ�A‚»‚µ‚Ä�S’nˆ«‚³‚ð�ì‚è�ã‚°‚Ä‚µ‚Ü‚Á‚½Ž©•ª‚ÌŽ©“®”½‰ž‰ñ˜H‚ð�‘‚«Š·‚¦‚邱‚Æ‚Å�Á‚¦‹Ž‚è‚Ü‚·�B

�eˆ¤‚Ì��¶‚Ü‚ê‚邱‚Ƃłà�Á‚¦‹Ž‚è‚Ü‚·�B

Š®‘S‚É�Á‚µ‹Ž‚é‚É‚Í�Aˆ¢“ߊ܂̓¹‚ð•à‚Þ‚±‚Æ‚¾‚»‚¤‚Å‚·�B

 

‘Ó‚¯�S‚⌑‘ÓŠ´

‘Ó‚¯�S‚⌑‘ÓŠ´‚Æ‚Í�A“÷‘Ì“I‚È‚±‚Ƃł͂Ȃ­�A‹»–¡‚Ì•s�݂ɑ΂·‚é–³’m‚ªŒ´ˆö‚Å�¶‚¶‚é�S—�“I‚È�ó‘Ô‚ðˆÓ–¡‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·�B‚±‚Ì�ó‘Ô‚Í�A‰i‘±‚µ‚È‚¢‚Æ‹C‚­‚±‚Æ‚Å�Á‚¦‹Ž‚è‚Ü‚·�BŠˆ—͂𔭒B‚³‚¹‚邱‚Ƃłà�Á‚¦‹Ž‚è‚Ü‚·�B

Š®‘S‚É�Á‚µ‹Ž‚é‚É‚Í�Aˆ¢—…Š¿‚Ì“¹‚ð•à‚Þ‚±‚Æ‚¾‚»‚¤‚Å‚·�B

 

’�ˆÓŽU–Ÿ‚Æ•sˆÀ

’�ˆÓŽU–Ÿ‚â•sˆÀ‚Í�A‚»‚ê‚ç‚ð‚ðˆø‚«‹N‚±‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚錴ˆö‚ɑ΂·‚é–³’m‚Å�¶‚¶‚Ü‚·�B’�ˆÓŽU–Ÿ‚â•sˆÀ‚Í�A‰i‘±‚µ‚È‚¢‚Æ‹C‚­‚±‚Æ‚Å�Á‚¦‹Ž‚è‚Ü‚·�B�S‚ð�¬’·‚³‚¹‚Ä•½�³‚ð•ۂ‚±‚Ƃłà�Á‚¦‹Ž‚è‚Ü‚·�B

Š®‘S‚É�Á‚µ‹Ž‚é‚É‚Í�Aˆ¢“ߊ܂̓¹‚ð•à‚Þ‚±‚Æ‚¾‚»‚¤‚Å‚·�B

 

“®—h‚â‹^”O

“®—h‚â‹^”O‚Æ‚Í�A�uƒuƒbƒ_‚Í–{“–‚ÉŒå‚Á‚½‚Ì‚©�v ‚Æ‚© �u‚±‚Ì�C�s‚Å–{“–‚ɋꂪ�Á–Å‚·‚é‚Ì‚©�v ‚Æ‚© �uƒuƒbƒ_‚Ì’íŽq‚Í–{“–‚É‚±‚Ì�C�s‚ÅŒå‚è‚𓾂½‚Ì‚©�v ‚Æ‚© �u—ˆ�¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚̂͂ ‚é‚Ì‚©�A‘O�¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚̂͂ ‚Á‚½‚Ì‚©�v “™�X�A‚±‚̂悤‚È‹CŽ�‚¿‚ð•ø‚­‚±‚Ƃł·�B

“®—h‚â‹^”O‚Í�A‚±‚̂悤‚È‹CŽ�‚¿‚ð•ø‚©‚¹‚錴ˆö‚ɑ΂·‚é–³’m‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä�¶‚¶‚Ü‚·�B“®—h‚â‹^”O‚Í�A‰i‘±‚µ‚È‚¢‚Æ‹C‚­‚±‚Æ‚Å�Á‚¦‹Ž‚è‚Ü‚·�B�^—�‚É‹C‚­‚±‚Ƃłà�Á‚¦‹Ž‚è‚Ü‚·�B

Š®‘S‚É�Á‚µ‹Ž‚é‚É‚Í�A�{‘ɃIƒ“�q‚µ‚ゾ‚¨‚ñ�r‚Ì“¹‚ð•à‚Þ‚±‚Æ‚¾‚»‚¤‚Å‚·�B

 


IV.�@Dhammanupassana

ii. Khanda Pabba (Section on Aggregates)

And again, a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again the five aggregates of clinging as just the five aggregates of clinging, not mine, not I, not self but just as phenomena. And how does a bhikkhu dwell perceiving again and again the five aggregates of clinging as just the five aggregates of clinging?

Here, a bhikkhu perceives thus:

�gThis is the corporeal body; this is the cause and the actual appearing of the corporeal body; this is the cause and the actual dissolution of the corporeal body.

This is feeling; this is the cause and the actual appearing of feeling; this is the cause and the actual dissolution of feeling.

This is perception; this is the cause and the actual appearing of perception; this is the cause and the actual dissolution of perception.

These are mental formations; this is the cause and the actual appearing of mental formations; this is the cause and the actual dissolution of mental formations.

This is consciousness; this is the cause and the actual appearing of consciousness; this is the cause and the actual dissolution of consciousness.�h Note

Thus he dwells perceiving again and again dhammas as just dhammas, not mine, not I, not self, but just a phenomenon, in himself; or he dwells perceiving again and again dhammas as just dhammas in others; or he dwells perceiving again and again dhammas as just dhammas in both himself and in others. He dwells perceiving again and again the cause and the actual appearing of dhammas ; or he dwells perceiving again and again the cause and the actual dissolution of dhammas ; or he dwells perceiving again and again both the actual appearing and dissolution of dhammas with their causes.

To summarize, he is firmly mindful of the fact that only dhammas exists, not a soul, a self or I. That mindfulness is just for gaining insight and mindfulness progressively. Being detached from craving and wrong views he dwells without clinging to anything in the world.

Thus in this way a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again the five aggregates as just the five aggregates.

 

 

 

five aggregates of clinging

The five aggregates of clinging are the objects depending on which the four types of clinging arise. The four types of clinging are the clinging to sense pleasures, the clinging to wrong views, the clinging to the belief that there are other paths and practices that can lead to happiness and liberation besides the Eightfold Noble Path, and the clinging to the view that there is a Self or Soul.

Note

The word rapa (corporeal body) refers to everything made of the four primary elements (i.e. the earth element, the water element, the fire element, and the air element). But here it refers mostly to the corporeal body which arises together with the remaining four aggregates of clinging.

 

Feeling is described in vedana (feelings). Perception recognizes or perceives an object by means of a mark. It enables one to recognize colours such as blue, white or red. It can also wrongly recognize a rope as a snake.

 

Mental formations include faith, energy, intention, greed, hatred�i‘ž‚µ‚Ý�j, delusion, non-greed, non-hatred, nondelusion, and mindfulness which prepare, arrange, or accomplish actions. There are fifty mental formations. Consciousness is that which is aware of an object. Here it refers only to sensuous, rapa and arapa types of consciousness and does not include path or fruition�iŒ‹ŽÀ�j consciousness (magga-phala citta) which are not objects of clinging.

 


Žl�@�S‚Ì’†–¡‚̃TƒeƒBƒpƒbƒ^�[ƒi

2. Ž·’…‚ð�¶‚ތ܂‚Ì�W�‡‘Ì�i“÷‘Ì�AŠ´Šo�A’mŠo�A”½‰ž�AˆÓޝ�j

�C�sŽÒ‚Í�AŽ·’…‚ð�¶‚ތ܂‚Ì�W�‡‘͎̂·’…‚ð�¶‚ތ܂‚Ì�W�‡‘̂ɂ·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚킽‚µ‚Ì‚à‚̂łà‚È‚­�A‚킽‚µ‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŽ©•ª‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŒ»�Û‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B

‚Å‚Í�A‚Ç‚¤‚·‚ê‚Î�AŽ·’…‚ð�¶‚ތ܂‚Ì�W�‡‘͎̂·’…‚ð�¶‚ތ܂‚Ì�W�‡‘̂ɂ·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚킽‚µ‚Ì‚à‚̂łà‚È‚­�A‚킽‚µ‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŽ©•ª‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŒ»�Û‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Å‚µ‚傤�B

�C�sŽÒ‚Í‚±‚̂悤‚ÉŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B

‚±‚ê‚Í“÷‘Ì (corporeal body) ‚Ì“­‚«‚¾�B‚±‚ê‚Í“÷‘̂̓­‚«‚ª�¶‚¶‚錴ˆö‚Æ�AŽÀ�Û‚Ì“÷‘̂̓­‚«‚Ì�oŒ»‚¾�B‚±‚ê‚Í“÷‘̂̓­‚«‚ª�¶‚¶‚錴ˆö‚ÆŽÀ�Û‚Ì�Á–Å‚¾�B

‚±‚ê‚ÍŠ´Šo (feeling) ‚Ì“­‚«‚¾�B‚±‚ê‚ÍŠ´Šo‚Ì“­‚«‚ª�¶‚¶‚錴ˆö‚Æ�AŽÀ�Û‚ÌŠ´Šo‚Ì“­‚«‚Ì�oŒ»‚¾�B‚±‚ê‚ÍŠ´Šo‚Ì“­‚«‚ª�¶‚¶‚錴ˆö‚ÆŽÀ�Û‚Ì�Á–Å‚¾�B

‚±‚ê‚Í’mŠo (perception) ‚Ì“­‚«‚¾�B‚±‚ê‚Í’mŠo‚Ì“­‚«‚ª�¶‚¶‚錴ˆö‚Æ�AŽÀ�Û‚Ì’mŠo‚Ì“­‚«‚Ì�oŒ»‚¾�B‚±‚ê‚Í’mŠo‚Ì“­‚«‚ª�¶‚¶‚錴ˆö‚ÆŽÀ�Û‚Ì�Á–Å‚¾�B

‚±‚ê‚Í”½‰ž (mental formations) ‚Ì“­‚«‚¾�B‚±‚ê‚Í”½‰ž‚Ì“­‚«‚ª�¶‚¶‚錴ˆö‚Æ�AŽÀ�Û‚Ì”½‰ž‚Ì“­‚«‚Ì�oŒ»‚¾�B‚±‚ê‚Í”½‰ž‚Ì“­‚«‚ª�¶‚¶‚錴ˆö‚ÆŽÀ�Û‚Ì�Á–Å‚¾�B

‚±‚ê‚͈ӎ¯ (consciousness) ‚Ì“­‚«‚¾�B‚±‚ê‚͈ӎ¯�i‘Î�Û•¨‚ɑ΂·‚é”F’m�j‚Ì“­‚«‚ª�¶‚¶‚錴ˆö‚Æ�AŽÀ�ۂ̈ӎ¯‚Ì“­‚«‚Ì�oŒ»‚¾�B‚±‚ê‚͈ӎ¯‚Ì“­‚«‚ª�¶‚¶‚錴ˆö‚ÆŽÀ�Û‚Ì�Á–Å‚¾�B

‚±‚̂悤‚É�AŽ©•ª‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä�S‚Ì’†–¡‚Í�S‚Ì’†–¡‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚킽‚µ‚Ì‚à‚̂łà‚È‚­�A‚킽‚µ‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŽ©•ª‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŒ»�Û‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B ‘¼�l‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä‚à �S‚Ì’†–¡‚Í�S‚Ì’†–¡‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B Ž©•ª‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä‚à‘¼�l‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä‚à �A�S‚Ì’†–¡‚Í�S‚Ì’†–¡‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B �S‚Ì’†–¡‚ª‘¶�Ý‚·‚錴ˆö ‚Æ�AŽÀ�Û‚É�S‚Ì’†–¡‚ª�oŒ»‚·‚é‚Ì‚ð�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B�S‚Ì’†–¡‚ª‘¶�Ý‚·‚錴ˆö‚Æ�A�S‚Ì’†–¡‚ªŽÀ�Û‚É�Á–Å‚·‚é‚Ì‚ð�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B�S‚Ì’†–¡‚ªŽÀ�Û‚É�oŒ»‚µ�AŽÀ�Û‚É�Á–Å‚·‚é‚Ì‚ð�A Œ´ˆö ‚ƂƂà‚É�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B

‚‚܂è�A�°‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŽ©•ª‚Å‚à‚È‚­�A‚킽‚µ‚Å‚à‚È‚­�A�S‚Ì’†–¡‚݂̂ª‘¶�Ý‚·‚邯‚¢‚¤Ž–ŽÀ‚ð�A‚Í‚Á‚«‚è‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚±‚ÌŽ©Šo‚ª�A“´Ž@‚â‹C‚«‚ð’…ŽÀ‚É‚à‚½‚ç‚·‚̂ł·�B�C�sŽÒ‚Í�AЉ–]‚â ŠÔˆá‚Á‚½‚à‚̂̌©•û ‚©‚ç‹——£‚ð’u‚«�A�¢‚Ì’†‚̉½‚à‚Ì‚É‚àŽ·’…‚µ‚È‚¢‚Å�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B * (’� )

‚±‚ꂪŒÜ‚‚Ì�W�‡‘̂͌܂‚Ì�W�‡‘̂ɂ·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é•û–@‚Ȃ̂ł·�B

�iŽ·’…‚ð�¶‚ތ܂‚Ì�W�‡‘Ì —¹�j

 


IV.
�@Dhammanupassana

iii.�@ayatana Pabba (Section on Sense Bases)

And again a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again the six internal and external sense bases as just the six internal and external sense bases, not mine, not I, not self, but just as phenomena. And how does a bhikkhu dwell perceiving again and again the six internal and external sense bases as just the six internal and external sense bases?

Here, a bhikkhu knows the eye and the visible objects and the fetter that arises dependent on both. He also knows how the fetter which has not yet arisen comes to arise; he knows how the fetter that has arisen comes to be discarded; and he knows how the discarded fetter will not arise in the future.

He knows the ear and sounds and the fetter that arises dependent on both. He also knows how the fetter which has not yet arisen comes to arise; he knows how the fetter that has arisen comes to be discarded; and he knows how the discarded fetter will not arise in the future.

He knows the nose and odours and the fetter that arises dependent on both. He also knows how the fetter which has not yet arisen comes to arise; he knows how the fetter that has arisen comes to be discarded; and he knows how the discarded fetter will not arise in the future.

He knows the tongue and tastes and the fetter that arises dependent on both. He also knows how the fetter which has not yet arisen comes to arise; he knows how the fetter that has arisen comes to be discarded; and he knows how the discarded fetter will not arise in the future.

He knows the body and tactile objects and the fetter that arises dependent on both. He also knows how the fetter which has not yet arisen comes to arise; he knows how the fetter that has arisen comes to be discarded; and he knows how the discarded fetter will not arise in the future.

He knows the mind and mind objects and the fetter that arises dependent on both. He also knows how the fetter which has not yet arisen comes to arise; he knows how the fetter that has arisen comes to be discarded; and he knows how the discarded fetter will not arise in the future.

Thus he dwells perceiving again and again dhammas as just dhammas, not mine, not I, not self, but just a phenomenon, in himself; or he dwells perceiving again and again dhammas as just dhammas in others; or he dwells perceiving again and again dhammas as just dhammas in both himself and in others. He dwells perceiving again and again the cause and the actual appearing of dhammas ; or he dwells perceiving again and again the cause and the actual dissolution of dhammas ; or he dwells perceiving again and again both the actual appearing and dissolution of dhammas with their causes.

To summarize, he is firmly mindful of the fact that only dhammas exists, not a soul, a self or I. That mindfulness is just for gaining insight and mindfulness progressively. Being detached from craving and wrong views he dwells without clinging to anything in the world.

Thus in this way a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again the six internal and external sense bases as just the six internal and external sense bases.

 

 

sense bases

Sense bases are those things which extend and expand the range of the mind. The six internal sense bases are the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body and mind. The six external sense bases are sights, sounds, smells, tastes, tactile objects and mental objects.

 

 


Žl�@�S‚Ì’†–¡‚̃TƒeƒBƒpƒbƒ^�[ƒi

3. ˜Z‚‚̊´ŠoŠíН‚ƘZ‚‚̔Fޝ—̈æ�iŠ´ŠoŠíН‚Ì‘Î�Û�j

�C�sŽÒ‚Í�A˜Z‚‚̓àŠO‚Ì Š´ŠoŠíН ‚͘Z‚‚̓àŠO‚ÌŠ´ŠoŠíН‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚킽‚µ‚Ì‚à‚̂łà‚È‚­�A‚킽‚µ‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŽ©•ª‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŒ»�Û‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B

‚Å‚Í�A‚Ç‚¤‚·‚ê‚Î�A˜Z‚‚̓àŠO‚ÌŠ´ŠoŠíН‚͘Z‚‚̓àŠO‚ÌŠ´ŠoŠíН‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Å‚µ‚傤�B

Ž‹Šo‚ÆŒõŒi (eye and visible objects) ‚ðŠ´‚¶‚Ü‚·�BŽ‹Šo‚ÆŒõŒi‚ðŠ´‚¶‚é‚Ì‚Å�A‚»‚ê‚ç‚É ‘©”›‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é ‚Ì‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B‚Ü‚½�A‚Ü‚¾‘©”›‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚ª�A‚±‚ê‚©‚ç‚ǂ̂悤‚É‘©”›‚³‚ê‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B�¶‚¶‚½‘©”›‚ª‚ǂ̂悤‚É�Á–Å‚·‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B�Á–Å‚µ‚½‘©”›‚ª�A�«—ˆ�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚È‚¢‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B

’®Šo‚Ɖ¹ (ear and sounds) ‚ðŠ´‚¶‚Ü‚·�B’®Šo‚Ɖ¹‚ðŠ´‚¶‚é‚Ì‚Å�A‚»‚ê‚ç‚É ‘©”›‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é ‚Ì‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B‚Ü‚½�A‚Ü‚¾‘©”›‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚ª�A‚±‚ê‚©‚ç‚ǂ̂悤‚É‘©”›‚³‚ê‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B�¶‚¶‚½‘©”›‚ª‚ǂ̂悤‚É�Á–Å‚·‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B�Á–Å‚µ‚½‘©”›‚ª�A�«—ˆ�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚È‚¢‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B

škŠo‚Æ“õ‚¢ (nose and odours) ‚ðŠ´‚¶‚Ü‚·�BškŠo‚Æ“õ‚¢‚ðŠ´‚¶‚é‚Ì‚Å�A‚»‚ê‚ç‚É ‘©”›‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é ‚Ì‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B‚Ü‚½�A‚Ü‚¾‘©”›‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚ª�A‚±‚ê‚©‚ç‚ǂ̂悤‚É‘©”›‚³‚ê‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B�¶‚¶‚½‘©”›‚ª‚ǂ̂悤‚É�Á–Å‚·‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B�Á–Å‚µ‚½‘©”›‚ª�A�«—ˆ�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚È‚¢‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B

–¡Šo‚Æ–¡ (tongue and tastes) ‚ðŠ´‚¶‚Ü‚·�B–¡Šo‚Æ–¡‚ðŠ´‚¶‚é‚Ì‚Å�A‚»‚ê‚ç‚É ‘©”›‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é ‚Ì‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B‚Ü‚½�A‚Ü‚¾‘©”›‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚ª�A‚±‚ê‚©‚ç‚ǂ̂悤‚É‘©”›‚³‚ê‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B�¶‚¶‚½‘©”›‚ª‚ǂ̂悤‚É�Á–Å‚·‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B�Á–Å‚µ‚½‘©”›‚ª�A�«—ˆ�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚È‚¢‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B

‘Ì�«Š´Šo‚ÆŠ´�G‚ð�¶‚Þ‚à‚Ì (body and tactile objects) ‚ðŠ´‚¶‚Ü‚·�B‘Ì�«Š´Šo‚ÆŠ´�G‚ð�¶‚Þ‚à‚Ì‚ðŠ´‚¶‚é‚Ì‚Å�A‚»‚ê‚ç‚É ‘©”›‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é ‚Ì‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B‚Ü‚½�A‚Ü‚¾‘©”›‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚ª�A‚±‚ê‚©‚ç‚ǂ̂悤‚É‘©”›‚³‚ê‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B�¶‚¶‚½‘©”›‚ª‚ǂ̂悤‚É�Á–Å‚·‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B�Á–Å‚µ‚½‘©”›‚ª�A�«—ˆ�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚È‚¢‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B

�S‚Æ�S‚Ì’†–¡ (mind and mind objects) ‚ðŠ´‚¶‚Ü‚·�B�S‚Æ�S‚Ì’†–¡‚ðŠ´‚¶‚é‚Ì‚Å�A‚»‚ê‚ç‚É ‘©”›‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é ‚Ì‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B‚Ü‚½�A‚Ü‚¾‘©”›‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚ª�A‚±‚ê‚©‚ç‚ǂ̂悤‚É‘©”›‚³‚ê‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B�¶‚¶‚½‘©”›‚ª‚ǂ̂悤‚É�Á–Å‚·‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B�Á–Å‚µ‚½‘©”›‚ª�A�«—ˆ�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚È‚¢‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B

‚±‚̂悤‚É�AŽ©•ª‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä�S‚Ì’†–¡‚Í�S‚Ì’†–¡‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚킽‚µ‚Ì‚à‚̂łà‚È‚­�A‚킽‚µ‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŽ©•ª‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŒ»�Û‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B ‘¼�l‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä‚à �S‚Ì’†–¡‚Í�S‚Ì’†–¡‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B Ž©•ª‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä‚à‘¼�l‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä‚à �A�S‚Ì’†–¡‚Í�S‚Ì’†–¡‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B �S‚Ì’†–¡‚ª‘¶�Ý‚·‚錴ˆö ‚Æ�AŽÀ�Û‚É�S‚Ì’†–¡‚ª�oŒ»‚·‚é‚Ì‚ð�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B�S‚Ì’†–¡‚ª‘¶�Ý‚·‚錴ˆö‚Æ�A�S‚Ì’†–¡‚ªŽÀ�Û‚É�Á–Å‚·‚é‚Ì‚ð�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B�S‚Ì’†–¡‚ªŽÀ�Û‚É�oŒ»‚µ�AŽÀ�Û‚É�Á–Å‚·‚é‚Ì‚ð�A Œ´ˆö ‚ƂƂà‚É�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B

‚‚܂è�A�°‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŽ©•ª‚Å‚à‚È‚­�A‚킽‚µ‚Å‚à‚È‚­�A�S‚Ì’†–¡‚݂̂ª‘¶�Ý‚·‚邯‚¢‚¤Ž–ŽÀ‚ð�A‚Í‚Á‚«‚è‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚±‚ÌŽ©Šo‚ª�A“´Ž@‚â‹C‚«‚ð’…ŽÀ‚É‚à‚½‚ç‚·‚̂ł·�B�C�sŽÒ‚Í�AЉ–]‚â ŠÔˆá‚Á‚½‚à‚̂̌©•û ‚©‚ç‹——£‚ð’u‚«�A�¢‚Ì’†‚̉½‚à‚Ì‚É‚àŽ·’…‚µ‚È‚¢‚Å�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B * (’� )

‚±‚ꂪ˜Z‚‚̓à‚Ȃ銴ŠoŠíН‚ƘZ‚‚̊O‚È‚é”Fޝ—̈æ‚Í�A˜Z‚‚̓à‚Ȃ銴ŠoŠíН‚ƘZ‚‚̊O‚È‚é”Fޝ—̈æ‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢‚Æ�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é•û–@‚Ȃ̂ł·�B

�i˜Z‚‚̓à‚Ȃ銴ŠoŠíН‚ƘZ‚‚̊O‚È‚é”Fޝ—Ìˆæ —¹�j

 

Š´ŠoŠíН

Š´ŠoŠíН‚Æ‚µ‚Ă̘Z‚‚̓à‚Ȃ銴ŠoŠíН‚ƘZ‚‚̊O‚È‚é”Fޝ—̈æ‚Í�A�S‚ÌŠg’£‚³‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì‚¾‚Æ�l‚¦‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·�B

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‘©”›‚³‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é

‚±‚ꂪ�l‚ð—Ö‰ô‚Ì—Ö‚É”›‚è‚‚¯‚é‚à‚Ì‚¾‚Æ�l‚¦‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·�B‹ï‘Ì“I‚É‚Í�AˆÈ‰º‚ª‹“‚°‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·�B

1. “÷‘Ì“I‚ȉõŠy‚ð‹�‚߂銉–]

2. “{‚è

3. é�‚è‚⎩�›‚ê

4. Œë‚Á‚½‚à‚̂̌©•û

5. •sˆÀ‚â‹^�S

6. ”ª�³“¹ˆÈŠO‚ÉŽ©—R‚ɂȂ铹‚â�C�s‚ª‚ ‚邯‚¢‚¤�M”O

7. —~ŠE�E�FŠE�E–³�FŠE‚É�¶‚Ü‚ê•Ï‚í‚肽‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤Š‰–]

8. ‘A–]‚⎹“i

9. ™åš¥�A”Ú‚µ‚³

10. Žl‚‚Ì�^—� �iŽl�¹’ú�j ‚ɑ΂·‚é–³’m

 

‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì‘©”›‚Í�AŠ´ŠoŠíН‚ð‰i‰“‚È‚à‚̂Ƃµ‚Ä�l‚¦‚½‚è�AŠ´ŠoŠíН‚ÆŽ©•ª‚𓯈ꎋ‚·‚éŠÔˆá‚Á‚½Žv‚¢�ž‚݂ɂæ‚Á‚Ä�¶‚¶‚Ü‚·�BŠ´ŠoŠíН‚͉i‰“‚ł͂Ȃ¢‚Æ‹C‚­‚±‚Æ‚Å�AˆêŽž“I‚É�A‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì‘©”›‚͂Ȃ­‚È‚è‚Ü‚·�B

Žl‚‚Ì�^—� �iŽl�¹’ú�j ‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä�A‚±‚ê‚ç‚Ì‘©”›‚ÍŠ®‘S‚É�Á‚¦‚邯‚¢‚¤‚±‚Ƃł·�B


IV.�@Dhammanupassana

iv.�@ Bojjhaiga Pabba (Section on Enlightenment Factors)

And again, bhikkhus, a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again the seven factors of enlightenment as just the seven factors of enlightenment, not mine, not I, not self, but just as phenomena. And how does a bhikkhu dwell perceiving again and again the seven factors of enlightenment as just the seven factors of enlightenment?

Here, while the enlightenment factor of mindfulness is present in him, a bhikkhu knows, �gThe enlightenment factor of mindfulness is present in me�h or while the enlightenment factor of mindfulness is not present in him, he knows, �gThe enlightenment factor of mindfulness is not present in me.�h He also knows how the enlightenment factor of mindfulness which has not yet arisen comes to arise; and he knows how the complete fulfillment in developing the arisen enlightenment factor of mindfulness comes to be.

While the enlightenment factor of investigation of phenomena is present in him, he knows,�gThe enlightenment factor of investigation of phenomena is present in me�h or while the enlightenment factor of investigation of phenomena is not present in him, he knows, �gThe enlightenment factor of investigation of phenomena is not present in me.�h He also knows how the enlightenment factor of investigation of phenomena which has not yet arisen comes to arise; and he knows how the complete fulfillment in developing the arisen enlightenment factor of investigation of phenomena comes to be.

While the enlightenment factor of effort is present in him, he knows, �gThe enlightenment factor of effort is present in me�h, or while the enlightenment factor of effort is not present in him, he knows, �gThe enlightenment factor of effort is not present in me.�h He also knows how the enlightenment factor of effort which has not yet arisen comes to arise; and he knows how the complete fulfillment in developing the arisen enlightenment factor of effort comes to be.

While the enlightenment factor of rapture is present in him, he knows,

�gThe enlightenment factor of rapture is present in me�h;

or while the enlightenment factor of rapture is not present in him, he knows,

�gThe enlightenment factor of rapture is not present in me.�h

He also knows how the enlightenment factor of rapture which has not yet arisen comes to arise; and he knows how the complete fulfillment in developing the arisen enlightenment factor of rapture comes to be.

While the enlightenment factor of tranquility�ipassaddhi�j is present in him, he knows,

�gThe enlightenment factor of tranquility is present in me�h;

or while the enlightenment factor of tranquility is not present in him, he knows,

�gThe enlightenment factor of tranquility is not present in me.�h

He also knows how the enlightenment factor of tranquility which has not yet arisen comes to arise; and he knows how the complete fulfillment in developing the arisen enlightenment factor of tranquility comes to be.

While the enlightenment factor of concentration is present in him, he knows,

�gThe enlightenment factor of concentration is present in me�h;

or while the enlightenment factor of concentration is not present in him, he knows,

�gThe enlightenment factor of concentration is not present in me.�h

He also knows how the enlightenment factor of concentration which has not yet arisen comes to arise; and he knows how the complete fulfillment in developing the arisen enlightenment factor of concentration comes to be.

While the enlightenment factor of equanimity is present in him, he knows,

�gThe enlightenment factor of equanimity is present in me�h;

or while the enlightenment factor of equanimity is not present in him, he knows,

�gThe enlightenment factor of equanimity is not present in me.�h

He also knows how the enlightenment factor of equanimity which has not yet arisen comes to arise; and he knows how the complete fulfilment in developing the arisen enlightenment factor of equanimity comes to be.

Thus he dwells perceiving again and again dhammas as just dhammas, not mine, not I, not self, but just a phenomenon, in himself; or he dwells perceiving again and again dhammas as just dhammas in others; or he dwells perceiving again and again dhammas as just dhammas in both himself and in others. He dwells perceiving again and again the cause and the actual appearing of dhammas ; or he dwells perceiving again and again the cause and the actual dissolution of dhammas ; or he dwells perceiving again and again both the actual appearing and dissolution of dhammas with their causes.

To summarize, he is firmly mindful of the fact that only dhammas exists, not a soul, a self or I. That mindfulness is just for gaining insight and mindfulness progressively. Being detached from craving and wrong views he dwells without clinging to anything in the world.

Thus in this way a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again the seven factors of enlightenment as just the seven factors of enlightenment.

 


Žl�@�S‚Ì’†–¡‚̃TƒeƒBƒpƒbƒ^�[ƒi

4. ޵‚‚̌å‚è‚Ì—vˆö �i‹C‚«�A’T‹��S�A“w—Í�AнŠì�A•½�Ã�A�¸�_“�ˆê�A•½ˆÀ�j �@

�C�sŽÒ‚Í�A޵‚‚̌å‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚ÍŽµ‚‚̌å‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚킽‚µ‚Ì‚à‚̂łà‚È‚­�A‚킽‚µ‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŽ©•ª‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŒ»�Û‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B

‚Å‚Í�A‚Ç‚¤‚·‚ê‚Î�A޵‚‚̌å‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚ÍŽµ‚‚̌å‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Å‚µ‚傤�B

‹C‚« (mindfulness) sati
Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é‹C‚«‚ªŽ©•ª‚Ì’†‚É‚ ‚鎞�A �uŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é‹C‚«‚ª‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚É‚ ‚é�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�BŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é‹C‚«‚ªŽ©•ª‚Ì’†‚ɂȂ¢Žž�A �uŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é‹C‚«‚ª‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚ɂȂ¢�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚Ü‚½�A‚Ü‚¾�¶‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é‹C‚«‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚»‚µ‚Ä�A‚Ç‚¤‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚½Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é‹C‚«‚ð�‚‚߂Ċ®�¬‚³‚¹‚ç‚ê‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B

’T‹��S (investigation of phenomena)  dhamma vicaya
Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é’T‹��S‚ªŽ©•ª‚Ì’†‚É‚ ‚鎞�A �uŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é’T‹��S‚ª‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚É‚ ‚é�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�BŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é’T‹��S‚ªŽ©•ª‚Ì’†‚ɂȂ¢Žž�A �uŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é’T‹��S‚ª‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚ɂȂ¢�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚Ü‚½�A‚Ü‚¾�¶‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é’T‹��S‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚»‚µ‚Ä�A‚Ç‚¤‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚½Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é’T‹��S‚ð�‚‚߂Ċ®�¬‚³‚¹‚ç‚ê‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B

“w—Í (effort)�@viriya
Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é“w—Í‚ªŽ©•ª‚Ì’†‚É‚ ‚鎞�A �uŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é“w—Í‚ª‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚É‚ ‚é�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�BŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é“w—Í‚ªŽ©•ª‚Ì’†‚ɂȂ¢Žž�A �uŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é“w—Í‚ª‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚ɂȂ¢�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚Ü‚½�A‚Ü‚¾�¶‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é“w—Í‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚»‚µ‚Ä�A‚Ç‚¤‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚½Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é“w—Í‚ð�‚‚߂Ċ®�¬‚³‚¹‚ç‚ê‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B

нŠì (rapture)�@piti
Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é Š½Šì ‚ªŽ©•ª‚Ì’†‚É‚ ‚鎞�A �uŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚銽Šì‚ª‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚É‚ ‚é�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�BŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚銽Šì‚ªŽ©•ª‚Ì’†‚ɂȂ¢Žž�A �uŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚銽Šì‚ª‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚ɂȂ¢�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚Ü‚½�A‚Ü‚¾�¶‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚銽Šì‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚»‚µ‚Ä�A‚Ç‚¤‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚½Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚銽Šì‚ð�‚‚߂Ċ®�¬‚³‚¹‚ç‚ê‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B

•½�à (tranquility) �@passaddhi�@
Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é •½�à‚ªŽ©•ª‚Ì’†‚É‚ ‚鎞�A�@�uŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚镽�ª‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚É‚ ‚é�v�@‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�BŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚镽�ÂªŽ©•ª‚Ì’†‚ɂȂ¢Žž�A�@�uŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚镽�ª‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚ɂȂ¢�v�@‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚Ü‚½�A‚Ü‚¾�¶‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚镽�ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚»‚µ‚Ä�A‚Ç‚¤‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚½Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚镽�Âð�‚‚߂Ċ®�¬‚³‚¹‚ç‚ê‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B

ƒpƒbƒTƒbƒfƒB‚Í�uˆÀ‘§�v�B‚Æ‚Ä‚à—Ž‚¿’…‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Ƃł·�B�‹‚¢Žž‚É—Á‚µ‚¢•”‰®‚É“ü‚邯‚Ù‚Á‚Æ‚µ‚Ü‚·�B‚»‚¤‚¢‚¤�A‚Ù‚Á‚ÆƒŠƒ‰ƒbƒNƒX‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é�ó‘Ô‚Å‚·�B

�¸�_“�ˆê (concentration) samadhi
Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é �¸�_“�ˆê ‚ªŽ©•ª‚Ì’†‚É‚ ‚鎞�A�@�uŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é�¸�_“�ˆê‚ª‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚É‚ ‚é�v�@‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�BŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é�¸�_“�ˆê‚ªŽ©•ª‚Ì’†‚ɂȂ¢Žž�A �uŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é�¸�_“�ˆê‚ª‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚ɂȂ¢�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚Ü‚½�A‚Ü‚¾�¶‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é�¸�_“�ˆê‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚»‚µ‚Ä�A‚Ç‚¤‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚½Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é�¸�_“�ˆê‚ð�‚‚߂Ċ®�¬‚³‚¹‚ç‚ê‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B

•½ˆÀ (equanimity) upekkha
Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚é •½ˆÀ ‚ªŽ©•ª‚Ì’†‚É‚ ‚鎞�A �uŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚镽ˆÀ‚ª‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚É‚ ‚é�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�BŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚镽ˆÀ‚ªŽ©•ª‚Ì’†‚ɂȂ¢Žž�A �uŒå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚镽ˆÀ‚ª‚킽‚µ‚Ì’†‚ɂȂ¢�v ‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚Ü‚½�A‚Ü‚¾�¶‚¶‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚镽ˆÀ‚ª�A‚ǂ̂悤‚É‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚»‚µ‚Ä�A‚Ç‚¤‚·‚ê‚Î�¶‚¶‚½Œå‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚Å‚ ‚镽ˆÀ‚ð�‚‚߂Ċ®�¬‚³‚¹‚ç‚ê‚é‚©‚ðŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B

‚±‚̂悤‚É�AŽ©•ª‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä�S‚Ì’†–¡‚Í�S‚Ì’†–¡‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚킽‚µ‚Ì‚à‚̂łà‚È‚­�A‚킽‚µ‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŽ©•ª‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŒ»�Û‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B ‘¼�l‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä‚à �S‚Ì’†–¡‚Í�S‚Ì’†–¡‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B Ž©•ª‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä‚à‘¼�l‚ɂƂÁ‚Ä‚à �A�S‚Ì’†–¡‚Í�S‚Ì’†–¡‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B �S‚Ì’†–¡‚ª‘¶�Ý‚·‚錴ˆö ‚Æ�AŽÀ�Û‚É�S‚Ì’†–¡‚ª�oŒ»‚·‚é‚Ì‚ð�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B�S‚Ì’†–¡‚ª‘¶�Ý‚·‚錴ˆö‚Æ�A�S‚Ì’†–¡‚ªŽÀ�Û‚É�Á–Å‚·‚é‚Ì‚ð�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B�S‚Ì’†–¡‚ªŽÀ�Û‚É�oŒ»‚µ�AŽÀ�Û‚É�Á–Å‚·‚é‚Ì‚ð�A Œ´ˆö ‚ƂƂà‚É�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B

‚‚܂è�A�°‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŽ©•ª‚Å‚à‚È‚­�A‚킽‚µ‚Å‚à‚È‚­�A�S‚Ì’†–¡‚݂̂ª‘¶�Ý‚·‚邯‚¢‚¤Ž–ŽÀ‚ð�A‚Í‚Á‚«‚è‚ÆŽ©Šo‚·‚é‚̂ł·�B‚±‚ÌŽ©Šo‚ª�A“´Ž@‚â‹C‚«‚ð’…ŽÀ‚É‚à‚½‚ç‚·‚̂ł·�B�C�sŽÒ‚Í�AЉ–]‚â ŠÔˆá‚Á‚½‚à‚̂̌©•û ‚©‚ç‹——£‚ð’u‚«�A�¢‚Ì’†‚̉½‚à‚Ì‚É‚àŽ·’…‚µ‚È‚¢‚Å�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B * (’� )

‚±‚ê‚ªŽµ‚‚̌å‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚ÍŽµ‚‚̌å‚è‚Ì—vˆö‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚é•û–@‚Ȃ̂ł·�B

�i޵‚‚̌å‚è‚Ì—vˆö —¹�j

 

нŠì�@piti

‚à‚Ì‚²‚Æ‚ð‚ ‚è‚̂܂܂Ɍ©‚邱‚Æ‚Å�¶‚¶‚é‹»–¡‚âŠÖ�S‚ð•ø‚¢‚½�ó‘Ô�A‘Þ‹ü‚³‚̂Ȃ¢�ó‘Ô‚ðˆÓ–¡‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·�B�g‘Ì‚ª•‚‚«�オ‚邿‚¤‚ÈŒy‚â‚©‚³‚â�A”ò‚Ñ�オ‚肽‚¢‚قǂ̃�ƒNƒ�ƒN‚·‚邿‚¤‚ÈŠì‚т̂±‚Ƃł·�B

 

•½�Âƕ½ˆÀ

‰pŒê‚ÌŒ´Œê‚Å‚Í�A•½�Âƕ½ˆÀ‚Í‚»‚ꂼ‚ꎟ‚̂悤‚ɂȂÁ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·�B

•½�Ã�@�F�@tranquility�@

•½ˆÀ�@�F�@equanimity

•½�à �itranquility�j‚Í�A нŠì ‚ª�¶‚¶‚½Žž‚É�A�S‚ª�Â܂é�ó‘Ô‚Å‚·�B‚·‚ׂĂɖž‚¿‘«‚肽–ž‘«Š´‚©‚ç�¶‚¶‚é�S‚̈À’è‚Å‚µ‚傤‚©�B

•½ˆÀ �iequanimity�j ‚Í �¸�_“�ˆê ‚ª�¶‚¶‚½Žž‚É�A�S‚ª‚à‚Ì‚²‚Æ‚ð‚±‚¾‚í‚è‚È‚­—Ž‚¿’…‚¢‚ÄŒ©‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é�ó‘Ô‚Å‚·�B’É�X‚µ‚¢Š‰–]‚â�A‰õŠy‚Ɉ³“|‚³‚ꂸ�A�S‚Æ�g‘͉̂i‰“‚ɂ͑¶�Ý‚µ‚È‚¢‚Æ�A˜J‚¹‚¸‚ÉŠÏŽ@‚Å‚«‚é�ó‘Ô‚Å‚·�B

“ú�í‚̉pŒê‚Å‚Í�Aequanimity�@‚Í‚ ‚Ü‚èˆê”Ê“I‚ɂ͎g‚í‚ê‚Ü‚¹‚ñ�B‰pŒê‚ð•ê�‘Œê‚Æ‚·‚éƒlƒCƒeƒBƒu‚Å‚à‚±‚ÌŒ¾—t‚ð’m‚ç‚È‚¢�l‚Í‘å�¨‚¢‚Ü‚·�B�u•½�Ã�v ‚É‚µ‚Ä‚à �u•½ˆÀ�v ‚É‚µ‚Ä‚à�Aˆê”Ê“I‚É‚Í�@tranquility�@‚ªŽg‚í‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·�B

 

�¸�_“�ˆê (concentration)

•½�à ‚ª�¶‚¶‚邯�A�S‚Í‹C‚ð‚»‚ç‚³‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚È‚­‚È‚è�Aœfœr‚¤‚±‚ƂȂ­�S‚É•‚‚©‚Ô‚à‚̂ɋC‚­‚悤‚ɂȂè‚Ü‚·�B‚±‚±‚ł͂»‚Ì�ó‘Ô‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚ðŒ¾‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·�B


IV.�@Dhammanupassana

v.�@Sacca Pabba (Section on Noble Truths)

And again, a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again the Four Noble Truths as just the Four Noble Truths, not mine, not I, not self, but just as phenomena.

And how does a bhikkhu dwell perceiving again and again the Four Noble Truths as just the Four Noble Truths?

Here, a bhikkhu knows as it really is, �gThis is dukkha�h;

he knows as it really is,�gThis is the cause of dukkha�h;

he knows as it really is, �gThis is the cessation of dukkha�h;

he knows as it really is, �gThis is the path leading to the cessation of dukkha.�h

 


Žl�@�S‚Ì’†–¡‚̃TƒeƒBƒpƒbƒ^�[ƒi

5. Žl‚‚Ì�^—� �iŽl�¹’ú �F ‹ê�A�W�A–Å�A“¹�j

�C�sŽÒ‚Í�AŽl‚‚Ì�^—�‚ÍŽl‚‚Ì�^—�‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚킽‚µ‚Ì‚à‚̂łà‚È‚­�A‚킽‚µ‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŽ©•ª‚Å‚à‚È‚­�AŒ»�Û‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢�A‚Æ‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚é‚̂ł·�B

‚Å‚Í�A‚Ç‚¤‚·‚ê‚Î�AŽl‚‚Ì�^—�‚ÍŽl‚‚Ì�^—�‚É‚·‚¬‚È‚¢‚Æ�A‚¢‚Â‚àŠ´‚¶‚Ä�¶‚«‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Å‚µ‚傤�B

�u‚±‚ꂪ‹ê‚¾�v ‚Æ�A‹ê‚ðŽÀ�Û‚ÉŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B �i‹ê‚Ì�^—��jDukkhasaccaniddeso

�u‚±‚ꂪ‹ê‚ÌŒ´ˆö‚¾�v ‚Æ�A‹ê‚ÌŒ´ˆö‚ðŽÀ�Û‚ÉŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B �i‹ê‚ÌŒ´ˆö‚Ì�^—��jSamudayasaccaniddeso

�u‚±‚ꂪ‹ê‚Ì�Á–Å‚¾�v ‚Æ�A‹ê‚Ì�Á–Å‚ðŽÀ�Û‚ÉŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B �i‹ê‚Ì�Á–Å‚Ì�^—��jNirodhasaccaniddeso

�u‚±‚ꂪ‹ê‚Ì�Á–łւ̓¹‚¾�v ‚Æ�A‹ê‚Ì�Á–łւ̓¹‚ðŽÀ�Û‚ÉŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B �i‹ê‚Ì�Á–łւ̓¹‚Ì�^—� �jMaggasaccaniddeso

�iŽl‚‚Ì�^—� —¹�j

 


IV.�@Dhammanupassana

v.�@Sacca Pabba (Section on Noble Truths)

a�@Dukkhasacca Pabba  (Section on the Noble Truth of the suffering) �@Exposition of the Truth of Suffering

And what, monks, is the Noble Truth of Suffering?

Birth is suffering, old age is suffering, (sickness is suffering),24 death is suffering, sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief and distress are suffering, the association with something that one does not like is suffering, the disassociation with something that one does like is suffering, not to get what one desires is suffering; in short, the clinging to the five aggregates is suffering.

And what, monks, is birth? If there is birth for all kinds of beings in whatever kind of existence, their conception, their being born, their becoming, the coming into manifestation of their aggregates, the acquisition of their sense faculties - this, monks, is called birth.

And what, monks, is old age? If there is old age for all kinds of beings in whatever kind of existence, their getting frail and decrepit, the breaking [of their teeth], their becoming grey and wrinkled, the running down of their life span, the deterioration of their sense faculties - this, monks, is called old age.

And what, monks, is death? If there is vanishing and passing away for all kinds of beings in whatever kind of existence, their disintegration, their disappearance, their dying, their death, the completion of their life span, the dissolution of the aggregates, the discarding of the body, the destruction of their vitality - this, monks, is called death.

And what, monks, is sorrow? Whenever one, monks, is affected by various kinds of loss and misfortune, that are followed by this or that kind of painful state of mind, by sorrow, by mourning, by sorrowfulness, by inward grief, and by deep inward woe - this, monks, is called sorrow.

And what, monks, is lamentation? Whenever one, monks, is affected by various kinds of loss and misfortune, that are followed by this or that kind of painful state of mind, by wailing and crying, by lamentation, by deep wailing, by deep lamentation, by the state of deep wailing and deep lamentation - this, monks, is called lamentation.

And what, monks, is pain?25 If there is, monks, any kind of bodily pain, any kind of bodily unpleasantness or any kind of painful or unpleasant sensation as a result of bodily contact - this, monks, is called pain.

And what, monks, is grief?25 If there is, monks, any kind of mental pain, any kind of mental unpleasantness or any kind of painful or unpleasant sensation as a result of mental contact - this, monks, is called grief.

And what, monks, is distress? Whenever one, monks, is affected by various kinds of loss and misfortune, that are followed by this or that kind of painful state of mind, by tribulation, by distress, affliction with distress and affliction with great distress - this, monks, is called distress.

And what, monks, is the suffering of being associated with what one does not like? Wherever and whenever one finds unpleasant, disagreeable or disliked objects of sight, sound, smell, taste, touch or of the mind, or, whenever and wherever one finds that there are wishers of one�fs own misfortune, harm, difficulties or of one�fs own insecurity; if one gets associated, one meets, one comes into contact or gets combined with them - this, monks, is called the suffering of being associated with what one does not like.

And what, monks, is the suffering of being disassociated with what one does like? Wherever and whenever one finds pleasant, agreeable or liked objects of sight, sound, smell, taste, touch or of the mind, or, whenever and wherever one finds that there are wishers of one�fs own fortune, prosperity, comfort or of one�fs own security, like mother and father, like brother and sister, like friends and colleagues or relatives; if one gets disassociated, one does not meet, one does not come into contact or does not get combined with them - this, monks, is called the suffering of being disassociated with what one does like.

And what, monks, is not getting what one desires? In beings, monks, who are subject to birth the desire arises: "Oh, truly, that we were not subject to birth! Oh, truly, may there be no new birth for us!" But this cannot be obtained by mere desire; and not to get what one wants is suffering.

In beings, monks, who are subject to old age the desire arises: "Oh, truly, that we were not subject to old age! Oh, truly, may we not be subject to old age!" But this cannot be obtained by mere desire; and not to get what one wants is suffering.

In beings, monks, who are subject to sickness the desire arises: "Oh, truly, that we were not subject to sickness! Oh, truly, may there be no sickness for us!" But this cannot be obtained by mere desire; and not to get what one wants is suffering.

In beings, monks, who are subject to death the desire arises: "Oh, truly, that we were not subject to death! Oh, truly, may we never have to die!" But this cannot be obtained by mere desire; and not to get what one wants is suffering.

In beings, monks, who are subject to sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief and distress the desire arises: "Oh, truly, that we were not subject to sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief and distress! Oh, truly, may we not suffer from sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief and distress!" But this cannot be obtained by mere desire; and not to get what one wants is suffering.

And how, monks, in short, is clinging to the five aggregates suffering? It is as follows - clinging to the aggregate of matter is suffering, clinging to the aggregate of sensation is suffering, clinging to the aggregate of perception is suffering, clinging to the aggregate of reaction is suffering, clinging to the aggregate of consciousness is suffering. This, monks, in short, is called suffering because of clinging to these five aggregates.

This, monks, is the Noble Truth of Suffering.

“ú–{Œê–ó

5. Žl‚‚Ì�^—� (Žl�¹’ú�j

a. ‹ê‚Ì�^—� �u‚±‚ꂪ‹ê‚¾�v ‚Æ�A‹ê‚ðŽÀ�Û‚ÉŽ©Šo‚µ‚Ü‚·�B

‹ê‚Ì�^—�‚Ƃ͉½‚Å‚µ‚傤�B

‚»‚ê‚Í’a�¶‚»‚ª�A‹ê‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Ƃł·�B˜V‚¢‚邱‚Æ‚ª‹ê‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Ƃł·�B•a‚ª‹ê‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Ƃł·�BŽ€‚ª‹ê‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Ƃł·�Bsorrow, lamentation, pain, grief and distress are suffering,�D‚«‚ł͂Ȃ¢‚à‚Ì‚Æ�Ú‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ª‹ê‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Ƃł·�B�D‚«‚È‚±‚Æ‚©‚ç—£‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ª‹ê‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Ƃł·�B—~‚·‚é‚à‚Ì‚ª“¾‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢‚Ì‚Í‹ê‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Ƃł·�B‚‚܂èŒÜå]‚ÉŽ·’…‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚ª‹ê‚µ‚݂ł·�B

And what, monks, is birth? If there is birth for all kinds of beings in whatever kind of existence, their conception, their being born, their becoming, the coming into manifestation of their aggregates, the acquisition of their sense faculties - this, monks, is called birth.

’a�¶‚Ƃ͉½‚Å‚µ‚傤‚©�H‚ ‚ç‚ä‚é‘¶�݂̑S‚Ä‚Ì�¶–½‘Ì‚ª’a�¶

                                                            

�i‹ê‚Ì�^—� —¹�j

 

 

 

b. Samudayasacca Pabba (Section on the Noble Truth of the Cause of Dukkha)

And what is the Noble Truth of the cause of dukkha? It is that craving which gives rise to fresh rebirth; and which together with delight and clinging, accepts,�@enjoys, and finds great delight in this or that existence or sense pleasure that happens to arise. Namely, craving for sense pleasures, craving for better existences, and craving for non-existence.

When this craving arises, where does it arise? When it establishes itself, where does it establish itself? When this craving arises and establishes itself, it does so in the delightful and pleasurable characteristics of the world.

What are the delightful and pleasurable characteristics of the world?

In the world, the eye has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises, it arises there in the eye; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there. In the world, the ear has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises, it arises there in the ear; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the nose has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises, it arises there in the nose; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the tongue has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises, it arises there in the tongue; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the body has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises, it arises there in the body; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the mind has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the mind; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, visible objects have the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in visible objects; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, sounds have the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in sounds; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, odours have the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in odours ; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, tastes have the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in tastes ; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, tactile objects have the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in tactile objects ; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, dhammas have the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in dhammas; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, eye-consciousness has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in eye-consciousness; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, ear-consciousness has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in ear-consciousness; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, nose-consciousness has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in nose-consciousness; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, tongue-consciousness has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in tongue-consciousness; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, body-consciousness has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in body-consciousness; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, mind-consciousness has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in mind-consciousness; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, eye-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in eye-contact; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, ear-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in ear-contact; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, nose-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in nose-contact; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, tongue-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in tongue-contact; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, body-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in body-contact; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, mind-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in mind-contact; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the feeling born of eye-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the feeling born of eye-contact; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the feeling born of ear-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the feeling born of ear-contact; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the feeling born of nose-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the feeling born of nose-contact; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the feeling born of tongue-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the feeling born of tongue-contact; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the feeling born of body-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the feeling born of body-contact; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the feeling born of mind-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the feeling born of mind-contact; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the perception of visible objects has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the perception of visible objects; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the perception of sounds has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the perception of sounds; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the perception of odours has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the perception of odours; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the perception of tastes has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the perception of tastes; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the perception of tactile objects has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the perception of tactile objects; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the perception of dhammas has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the perception of dhammas; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the volition towards visible objects has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the volition towards visible objects; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the volition towards sounds has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the volition towards sounds; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the volition towards odours has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the volition towards odours; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the volition towards tastes has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the volition towards tastes; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the volition towards tactile objects has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the volition towards tactile objects; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the volition towards dhammas has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the volition towards dhammas; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the craving for visible objects has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the craving for visible objects; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the craving for sounds has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the craving for sounds; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the craving for odours has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the craving for odours; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the craving for tastes has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the craving for tastes; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the craving for tactile objects has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the craving for tactile objects; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the craving for dhammas has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the craving for dhammas; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the initial thinking about visible objects has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the initial thinking about visible objects; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the initial thinking about sounds has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the initial thinking about sounds; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the initial thinking about odours has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the initial thinking about odours; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the initial thinking about tastes has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the initial thinking about tastes; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the initial thinking about tactile objects has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the initial thinking about tactile objects; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the initial thinking about dhammas has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the initial thinking about dhammas; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the continued thinking about visible objects has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the continued thinking about visible objects; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the continued thinking about sounds has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the continued thinking about sounds; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the continued thinking about odours has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the continued thinking about odours; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the continued thinking about tastes has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the continued thinking about tastes; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the continued thinking about tactile objects has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the continued thinking about tactile objects; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

In the world, the continued thinking about dhammas has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving arises it arises there in the continued thinking about dhammas; when it establishes itself, it establishes itself there.

This is called the Noble Truth of the cause of dukkha.

 


Žl�@�S‚Ì’†–¡‚̃TƒeƒBƒpƒbƒ^�[ƒi

5. Žl‚‚Ì�^—� (Žl�¹’ú�j

b. ‹ê‚ÌŒ´ˆö‚Ì�^—�

‹ê‚ÌŒ´ˆö‚Ì�^—�‚Ƃ͉½‚Å‚µ‚傤�B‚»‚ê‚ÍŠ‰–]‚±‚»‚ª�A�V‚½‚È“]�¶‚ð�¶‚Þ‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Ƃł·�B

Љ–]taṇhā‚Í�A‚½‚Ü‚½‚Ü�¶‚¶‚½‚³‚Ü‚´‚܂Ȍ‘̂̒†�A“÷‘Ì“I‰õŠy‚Ì’†‚É�A‘å‚«‚ÈŠì‚Ñ‚ðŒ©‚Â‚¯�A–¡‚í‚¢�A‰ä‚ª•¨‚É‚µ‚Ü‚·�B‚»‚ê‚Í�A“÷‘Ì“I‰õŠy‚ð‹�‚߂銉–]‚Å‚ ‚è�A‚æ‚è‚æ‚¢�¶‚ð‹�‚߂銉–]‚Å‚ ‚è�A‰ð’E‚ð‹�‚߂銉–]‚Å‚·�B‚»‚±‚ɂ͊½Šì‚ÆŽ·’…‚ª”º‚¢‚Ü‚·�B

�î—~�A�¶‘¶—~�A�@�@�@�@

–Å—~�@ˆê“x‚Á‚«‚è‚Ì�¶‚Å‚ ‚è�AŽ€Œã‚Í–³‚Å‚ ‚é�@ˆ«Ž–‚ð�s‚­‚µ‚½‚̂ŋ°‚ꂪ‚ ‚é�@—Ö‰ô‚̂Ȃ¢�Ià�‚ð‹�‚ß‚é

 

Yāyaṃ taṇhā ponobbhavikā nandīrāgasahagatā tatratatrābhinandinī, seyyathidaṃ, kāmataṇhā bhavataṇhā vibhavataṇhā.

It is this craving that occurs again and again and is bound up with pleasure and lust and finds delight now here, now there. That is, the craving for sensual pleasures, the craving for repeated rebirth and the craving for annihilation.

 

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IV.
�@Dhammanupassana

v.�@Sacca Pabba (Section on Noble Truths)

c. Nirodhasacca Pabba (Section on the Noble Truth of the Cessation of Dukkha)

And what is the Noble Truth of the cessation of dukkha? It is the complete extinction and cessation of this very craving, its abandoning and discarding, the liberation and detachment from it. When this craving is abandoned, where is it abandoned? When it ceases, where does it cease? When this craving is abandoned or ceases it does so in the delightful and pleasurable characteristics of the world.

What are the delightful and pleasurable characterictics of the world?

In the world, the eye has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned, it is abandoned there in the eye; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the ear has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned, it is abandoned there in the ear; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the nose has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned, it is abandoned there in the nose; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the tongue has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned, it is abandoned there in the tongue; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the body has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned, it is abandoned there in the body; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the mind has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the mind; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, visible objects have the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in visible objects; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, sounds have the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in sounds; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, odours have the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in odours ; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, tastes have the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in tastes ; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, tactile objects have the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in tactile objects ; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, dhammas have the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in dhammas; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, eye-consciousness has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in eye-consciousness; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, ear-consciousness has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in ear-consciousness; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, nose-consciousness has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in nose-consciousness; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, tongue-consciousness has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. hen this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in tongue-consciousness; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, body-consciousness has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in body-consciousness; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, mind-consciousness has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in mind-consciousness; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, eye-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in eye-contact; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, ear-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in ear-contact; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, nose-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in nose-contact; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, tongue-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in tongue-contact; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, body-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in body-contact; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, mind-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in mind-contact; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the feeling born of eye-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the feeling born of eye-contact; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the feeling born of ear-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the feeling born of ear-contact; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the feeling born of nose-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the feeling born of nose-contact; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the feeling born of tongue-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the feeling born of tongue-contact; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the feeling born of body-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the feeling born of body-contact; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the feeling born of mind-contact has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the feeling born of mind-contact; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the perception of visible objects has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the perception of visible objects; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the perception of sounds has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the perception of sounds; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the perception of odours has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the perception of odours; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the perception of tastes has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the perception of tastes; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the perception of tactile objects has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the perception of tactile objects; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the perception of dhammas has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the perception of dhammas; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the volition towards visible objects has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the volition towards visible objects; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the volition towards sounds has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the volition towards sounds; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the volition towards odours has has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the volition towards odours; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the volition towards tastes has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the volition towards tastes; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the volition towards tactile objects has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the volition towards tactile objects; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the volition towards dhammas has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the volition towards dhammas; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the craving for visible objects has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the craving for visible objects; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the craving for sounds has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the craving for sounds; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the craving for odours has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the craving for odours; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the craving for tastes has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the craving for odours; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the craving for tactile objects has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the craving for tastes; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the craving for dhammas has has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the craving for dhammas; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the initial thinking about visible objects has has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the initial thinking about visible objects; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the initial thinking about sounds has has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the initial thinking about sounds; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the initial thinking about odours has has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the initial thinking about odours; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the initial thinking about tastes has has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the initial thinking about tastes; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the initial thinking about tactile objects has has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the initial thinking about tactile objects; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the initial thinking about dhammas has has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the initial thinking about dhammas; when it ceases, it ceases there.102

In the world, the continued thinking about visible objects has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the continued thinking about visible objects; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the continued thinking about sounds has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the continued thinking about sounds; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the continued thinking about odours has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the continued thinking about odours; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the continued thinking about tastes has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the continued thinking about tastes; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the continued thinking about tactile objects has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the continued thinking about tactile objects; when it ceases, it ceases there.

In the world, the continued thinking about dhammas has the characteristic of being delightful and pleasurable. When this craving is abandoned it is abandoned there in the continued thinking about dhammas; when it ceases, it ceases there.

This is called the Noble Truth of the cause of dukkha.

 

 


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IV.�@Dhammanupassana

v.�@Sacca Pabba (Section on Noble Truths)

d. Maggasacca Pabba (Section on the Noble Truth of the Path leading to the cessation of Dukkha)

And what is the Noble Truth of the path leading to the cessation of dukkha?

It is the Noble Eightfold Path, namely,

Right View,
Right Thought,

Right Speech,
Right Action,
Right Livelihood,

Right Effort,
Right Mindfulness,
and Right Concentration.

And what is Right View?

The understanding of dukkha; the understanding of the cause of dukkha; the understanding of the cessation of dukkha; the understanding of the path leading to the cessation of dukkha. This is called Right View.

And what is Right Thought?

Thoughts directed to liberation from sensuality; thoughts free from ill-will; and thoughts free from cruelty. This is called Right Thought.

And what is Right Speech?

Abstaining from lying, from tale-bearing, from abusive speech, and from vain and unbeneficial talk. This is called Right Speech.

And what is Right Action?

Abstaining from killing living beings, from stealing and from wrongful indulgence in sense pleasures. This is called Right Action.

And what is Right Livelihood?

Here the noble disciple completely abstains from a wrong way of livelihood and makes his living by a right means of livelihood. This is called Right Livelihood.

And what is Right Effort?

Here a bhikkhu generates an intention, makes effort, rouses energy, applies his mind, and strives ardently to prevent the arising of evil, unwholesome states of mind that have not yet arisen.

He generates an intention, makes effort, rouses energy, applies his mind, and strives ardently to abandon evil, unwholesome states of mind that have arisen.

He generates an intention, makes effort, rouses energy, applies his mind, and strives ardently to attain wholesome states of mind that have not yet arisen.

He generates an intention, makes effort, rouses energy, applies his mind, and strives ardently to maintain the wholesome states of mind that have arisen, to prevent their lapsing, to increase them, to cause them to grow, and to completely develop them.

This is called Right Effort.

And what is Right Mindfulness?

Here a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again the body as just the body with diligence, clear understanding, and mindfulness, thus keeping away covetousness and mental pain in the world;

he dwells perceiving again and again feelings as just feelings with diligence, clear understanding and mindfulness, thus keeping away covetousness and mental pain in the world,

he dwells perceiving again and again the mind as just the mind with diligence, clear understanding, and mindfulness, thus keeping away covetousness and mental pain in the world;

he dwells perceiving again and again dhammas as just dhammas with diligence, clear understanding and mindfulness, thus keeping away covetousness and mental pain in the world.

This is called Right Mindfulness.

And what is Right Concentration?

Here a bhikkhu being detached from sensual desire and unwholesome states attains and dwells in the first jhana which has vitakka and vicara; and rapture and sukha born of detachmentfrom the hindrances.

With the subsiding of vitakka and vicara, a bhikkhu attains and dwells in the second jhana, with internal tranquility and one-pointedness of mind, without vitakka and vicara, but with rapture and sukha born of concentration. Being without rapture, a bhikkhu dwells in equanimity with mindfulness and clear understanding, and experiences sukha in mind and body.

He attains and dwells in the third jhana; that which causes a person who attains it to be praised by the Noble Ones as one who has equanimity and mindfulness, one who abides in sukha.

By becoming detached from both sukha and dukkha and by the previous cessation of gladness and mental pain, a bhikkhu attains and dwells in the fourth jhana, a state of pure mindfulness born of equanimity.

This is called Right Concentration.

This is called the Noble Truth of the path leading to the cessation of dukkha.

Thus he dwells perceiving again and again dhammas as just dhammas, not mine, not I, not self, but just a phenomenon, in himself; or he dwells perceiving again and again dhammas as just dhammas in others; or he dwells perceiving again and again dhammas as just dhammas in both himself and in others. He dwells perceiving again and again the cause and the actual appearing of dhammas ; or he dwells perceiving again and again the cause and the actual dissolution of dhammas ; or he dwells perceiving again and again both the actual appearing and dissolution of dhammas with their causes.

To summarize, he is firmly mindful of the fact that only dhammas exists, not a soul, a self or I. That mindfulness is just for gaining insight and mindfulness progressively. Being detached from craving and wrong views he dwells without clinging to anything in the world.

Thus in this way a bhikkhu dwells perceiving again and again the Four Noble Truths as just the Four Noble Truths.




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‰AŒû

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‚¤‚킳˜b‚â–³‘ÊŒû

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ˆú—~

Š­’ʂ⃌ƒCƒv‚ȂǂÌ�«“I‚È•s•i�s�AƒAƒ‹ƒR�[ƒ‹‚âƒhƒ‰ƒbƒO‚É’^“M‚·‚邱‚Æ‚ðˆÓ–¡‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·�B

 

ŠÔˆá‚Á‚½Žè’i‚Å�¶Œv‚ð—§‚Ä‚é

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‘T’è (jhana)

‘T’è (jhana) ‚̌ꌹ‚Í�Ajha �i‹ÃŽ‹‚·‚é�j�B Š´ŠoŠíН‚Ì‘Î�Û•¨‚Å‚ ‚é�AŒõŒi�A‰¹�A“õ‚¢�A–¡�AŠ´�G‚ð�¶‚Þ‚à‚Ì�A‚ȂǂɋC‚©‚È‚¢‚Ù‚Ç�S‚ª’è‚Ü‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚é�ó‘Ô‚Å‚·�B �h‹ÃŽ‹�h ‚·‚邿‚¤‚È�S‚Ì�W’†‚Ì’ö“x‚ð‚¢‚¤Žž‚ÉŽg‚í‚ê‚Ü‚·�B

 

‘T’è‚ɂ͌܂‚Ì�\�¬—v‘f �i�¸�_�ì—p�j ‚ª‚ ‚è‚Ü‚· �iŒÜ‘TŽx�j�B

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2. “ñŽŸŽv�l �iƒ”ƒBƒ`ƒƒ�[ƒ‰ : viccara�j Œ¾—t‚É‚æ‚ç‚È‚¢Žv�l‚Ì—v‘f

3. Šì�@�iƒsƒeƒB : piti�j нŠì‚Ì—v‘f

4. Šy�@�iƒXƒJ : sukha�j ˆÀŠy‚Ì—v‘f

5. ˆê‹«�« �iƒG�[ƒJƒKƒ^�[ : ekka gata) ‚ЂƂ‚̑Î�Û‚É�W’†‚µ‚Ä�S‚ªŽU–Ÿ‚ɂȂç‚È‚¢—v‘f

 

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‚±‚̌܂‚Ì�\�¬—v‘f �i�¸�_�ì—p�j ‚Í‘æˆê‚Ì‘T’è‚©‚ç‘æŽl‚Ì‘T’è‚Ü‚Å�AŽŸ‚̂悤‚É“­‚«‚Ü‚·�B

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Results

Indeed, whosoever practises these four satipatthanas in this manner for seven years, one of two results is to be expected in him: Arahatship in this very existence, or if there yet be any trace of clinging, the state of an Anagama.

Let alone seven years, whosoever practises these four satipatthanas in this manner for six years, five years, four years, three years, two years, or one year.

Let alone one year, whosoever practises these four satipatthanas in this manner for seven months, one of two results is to be expected in him: Arahatship in this very existence, or if there yet be any trace of clinging, the state of an Anagama.

Let alone seven months, whosoever practices these four satipatthanas in this manner for six months, five months, four months, three months, two months, one month, or half a month.

Let alone half a month, whosoever practises these four satipatthanas in this manner for seven days, one of two results is to be expected in him: Arahatship in this very existence or if there yet be any trace of clinging, the state of an Anagama.

This is what I meant when I said: �gBhikkhus, this is the one and the only way for the purification of beings, for overcoming sorrow and lamentation, for the cessation of physical and mental pain, for attainment of the Noble Paths, and for the realization of Nibbana. That only way is the four satipatthanas�h.

This is what the Bhagava said.

Delighted, the bhikkhus rejoice at the Bhagava�fs words.


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 Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta
�@�@�@Pali�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@English

Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna
Sutta

The Great Discourse
on the Establishing of Awareness

Visayasūcī

Contents

 

Note on the Pronunciation of Pāli

Vedanā in the Practice of Satipaṭṭhāna

Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta

The Great Discourse on the Establishing of Awareness

1. Uddeso

1. Introduction

2. Kāyānupassanā

2. The Observation of Body

A. Ānāpānapabbaṃ

B. Iriyāpathapabbaṃ

C. Sampajānapabbaṃ

D. Paṭikūlamanasikārapabbaṃ

E. Dhātumanasikārapabbaṃ

F. Navasivathikapabbaṃ

A. Section on Respiration

B. Section on Postures

C. Section on Constant Thorough Understanding of Impermanence

D. Section on Reflections on Repulsiveness

E. Section on the Reflections on the Material Elements

F. Section on the Nine Charnel-ground Observations

3. Vedanānupassanā

3. The Observation of Sensations

4. Cittānupassanā

4. The Observation of Mind

5. Dhammānupassanā

5. The Observation of Mental Contents

A. Nīvaraṇapabbaṃ

B. Khandhapabbaṃ

C. Āyatanapabbaṃ

D. Bojjhaṅgapabbaṃ

E. Saccapabbaṃ

Dukkhasaccaniddeso

Samudayasaccaniddeso

Nirodhasaccaniddeso

Maggasaccaniddeso

A. Section on the Hindrances

B. Section on the Aggregates

C. Section on the Sense Spheres

D. Section on the Factors of Enlightenment

E. Section on the Noble Truths

Exposition of the Truth of Suffering

Exposition of the Truth of the Arising of Suffering

Exposition of the Truth of the Cessation of Suffering

Exposition of the Truth of the Path

6. Satipaṭṭhānabhāvanānisaṃso

6. The Results of Practising the Establishing of Awareness

Notes (subscript numbers are explained in the endnotes to this book)

Note on the Pronunciation of Pāli

Pāli was a spoken language of northern India in the time of Gotama the Buddha. It was written in the Brāhmī script in India in the time of Emperor Aśoka and has been preserved in the scripts of the various countries where the language has been maintained. In Roman script the following set of diacritical marks are used to indicate the proper pronunciation.

The alphabet consists of forty-one characters: eight vowels and thirty-three consonants.

Vowels: a, ā, i, ī, u, ū, e, o

Consonants:

Velar: k kh g gh ṅ

Palatal: c ch j jh ñ

Retroflex: ṭ ṭh ḍ ḍh ṇ

Dental: t th d dh n

Labial: p ph b bh m

Miscellaneous: y, r, l, v, s, h, ḷ, ṃ

The vowels a, i, u are short; ā, ī, ū are long; e and o are pronounced long except before double consonants: deva, mettā; loka, phoṭṭhabbā.

a is pronounced like �ea�f in �eabout�f; ā like �ea�f in �efather�f;

i is pronounced like �ei�f in �emint�f; ī like �eee�f in �esee�f;

u is pronounced like �eu�f in �eput�f; ū like �eoo�f in �epool�f.

The consonant c is pronounced as in the �ech�f in �echurch�f. All the aspirated consonants are pronounced with an audible expulsion of breath following the normal unaspirated sound. Therefore th is not as in �ethree�f but more like the sound in �eThailand�f, and ph is not as in �ephoto�f but rather is pronounced �ep�f accompanied by an expulsion of breath.

The retroflex consonants, ṭ, ṭh, ḍ, ḍh, ṇ are pronounced with the tip of the tongue turned back, whereas in the dentals, t, th, d, dh, n, it touches the upper front teeth.

The palatal nasal, ñ, is the same as the Spanish �eñ�f, as in señor. The velar nasal, ṅ, is pronounced like �eng�f in �esinger�f but occurs only with the other consonants in its group: ṅk, ṅkh,ṅg, ṅgh. The pronunciation of ṃ is similar to ṅ but occurs most commonly as a terminal nasalization: �eevaṃ me sutaṃ�f. The Pāli v is a soft �ev�f or �ew�f and ḷ, produced with the tongue retroflexed, is almost a combined �erl�f sound.

Vedanā in the Practice of Satipaṭṭhāna

Vipassana Research Institute

The practice of the four-fold satipaṭṭhāna, the establishing of awareness, was highly praised by the Buddha in the suttas. Mentioning its importance in the Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta, the Buddha called it ekāyano maggo - the only way for the purification of beings, for overcoming sorrow, for extinguishing suffering, for walking on the path of truth and for realising nibbāna (liberation).1

In this sutta, the Buddha presented a practical method for developing self-knowledge by means of kāyānupassanā (observation of the body), vedanānupassanā (observation of sensations), cittānupassanā (observation of the mind), and dhammānupassanā (observation of the contents of the mind).2

To explore the truth about ourselves, we must examine what we are: body and mind. We must learn to observe these directly within ourselves. Accordingly, we must keep three points in mind: 1) The reality of the body may be imagined by contemplation, but to experience it directly one must work with vedanā (body sensations) arising within it. 2) Similarly, the actual experience of the mind is attained by working with the contents of the mind. Therefore, in the same way as body and sensations cannot be experienced separately, the mind cannot be observed apart from the contents of the mind. 3) Mind and matter are so closely inter-related that the contents of the mind always manifest themselves as sensations in the body. For this reason the Buddha said:

Vedanā-samosaraṇā sabbe dhammā.3
Everything that arises in the mind flows together with sensations.

Therefore, observation of sensations offers a means  - indeed the only means  -  to examine the totality of our being, physical as well as mental.

Broadly speaking, the Buddha refers to five types of vedanā:

  1. Sukhā vedanā  -  pleasant sensations
  2. Dukkhā vedanā  -  unpleasant sensations
  3. Somanassa vedanā  -  pleasant mental feeling
  4. Domanassa vedanā  -  unpleasant mental feeling
  5. Adukkhamasukhā vedanā  -  neither unpleasant nor pleasant sensations.

In all references to vedanā in the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta the Buddha speaks of sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, i.e., the body sensations; or adukkhamasukhā vedanā, which in this context also clearly denotes neutral body sensations.

The strong emphasis is on body sensations because they work as a direct avenue for the attainment of fruition (nibbāna) by means of "strong dependence condition" (upanissaya-paccayena paccayo), i.e., the nearest dependent condition for our liberation. This fact is succinctly highlighted in the Paṭṭhāna, the seventh text of Abhidhamma Piṭaka under the Pakatūpanissaya, where it is stated:

Kāyikaṃ sukhaṃ kāyikassa sukhassa, kāyikassa dukkhassa, phalasamāpattiyā upanissayapaccayena paccayo.

Kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ kāyikassa sukhassa, kāyikassa dukkhassa, phalasamāpattiyā upanissayapaccayena paccayo.

Utu kāyikassa sukhassa, kāyikassa dukkhassa, phalasamāpattiyā upanissayapaccayena paccayo.

Bhojanaṃ kāyikassa sukhassa, kāyikassa dukkhassa, phalasamāpattiyā upanissayapaccayena paccayo.

Senāsanaṃ kāyikassa sukhassa, kāyikassa dukkhassa, phalasamāpattiyā upanissayapaccayena paccayo.4

Pleasant body sensation is related to pleasant sensation of the body, unpleasant sensation of the body, and attainment of fruition (nibbāna) by strong dependence condition.

Unpleasant body sensation is related to pleasant sensation of the body, unpleasant sensation of the body, and attainment of fruition by strong dependence condition.

The season (or surrounding environment) is related to pleasant sensation of the body, unpleasant sensation of the body, and attainment of fruition by strong dependence condition.

Food is related to pleasant sensation of the body, unpleasant sensation of the body, and attainment of fruition by strong dependence condition.

Lying down and sitting (i.e., the mattress and cushions, or the position of lying, sitting, etc.) is related to pleasant sensation of the body, unpleasant sensation of the body, and attainment of fruition by strong dependence condition.

From the above statement it is clear how important vedanā, sensation, is on the path of liberation. The pleasant and unpleasant body sensations, the surrounding environment (utu), the food we eat (bhojanaṃ), and the sleeping and sitting position, the mattress or cushions used, etc. (senāsanaṃ) are all responsible for ongoing body sensations of one type or another. When the sensations are experienced properly, as the Buddha explained in Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta, these become the nearest dependent condition for our liberation.

There are four dimensions to our nature: the body and its sensations, and the mind and its contents. These provide four avenues for the establishing of awareness in satipaṭṭhāna. In order that the observation be complete, we must experience every facet, which we can only do by means of vedanā. This exploration of truth will remove the delusions we have about ourselves.

In the same way, to come out of the delusion about the world outside, we must explore how the outside world interacts with our own mind-and-matter phenomenon, our own self. The outside world comes in contact with the individual only at the six sense doors: the eye, ear, nose, tongue, body and mind. Since all these sense doors are contained in the body, every contact of the outside world is at the body level.

The traditional spiritual teachers of India, before the Buddha, in his day and afterwards, expressed the view that craving causes suffering and that to remove suffering one must abstain from the objects of craving. This belief led to various practices of penance and extreme abstinence from external stimuli. In order to develop detachment, the Buddha took a different approach. Having learned to examine the depths of his own mind, he realized that between the external object and the mental reflex of craving is a missing link: vedanā.  Whenever we encounter an object through the five physical senses or the mind, a sensation arises; and based on the sensation, taṇhā (craving) arises. If the sensation is pleasant we crave to prolong it, if it is unpleasant we crave to be rid of it. It is in the chain of Dependent Origination (paṭiccasamuppāda) that the Buddha expressed his profound discovery:

Saḷāyatana-paccayā phasso
Phassa-paccayā vedanā
Vedanā-paccayā ta
ṇhā.5

Dependent on the six sense-spheres, contact arises.
Dependent on contact, sensation arises.
Dependent on sensation, craving arises.

The immediate cause for the arising of craving and, consequently, of suffering is not something outside of us but rather the sensations that occur within us.

Therefore, just as the understanding of vedanā is absolutely essential to understand the interaction between mind and matter within ourselves, the same understanding of vedanā is essential to understand the interaction of the outside world with the individual.

If this exploration of truth were to be attempted by contemplation or intellectualization, we could easily ignore the importance of vedanā. However, the crux of the Buddha�fs teaching is the necessity of understanding the truth not merely at the intellectual level, but by direct experience. For this reason vedanā is defined as follows:

Yā vedeti ti vedanā, sā vediyati lakkhaṇā, anubhavanarasā...6

That which feels the object is vedanā; its characteristic is to feel, it is the essential taste of experience...

However, merely to feel the sensations within is not enough to remove our delusions. Instead, it is essential to understand the ti-lakkhaṇā (three characteristics) of all phenomena. We must directly experience anicca (impermanence), dukkha (suffering), and anatta (selflessness) within ourselves. Of these three, the Buddha always stressed the importance of anicca because the realization of the other two will easily follow when we experience deeply the characteristic of impermanence. In the Meghiya Sutta of the Udāna he said:

Aniccasaññino hi, Meghiya, anattasaññā saṇṭhāti, anattasaññī asmimānasamugghātaṃ pāpuṇāti diṭṭheva dhamme nibbānaṃ.7

In one, Meghiya, who perceives impermanence, the perception of selflessness is established. One who perceives what is selfless wins the uprooting of the pride of egotism in this very life, and thus realizes nibbāna.

Therefore, in the practice of satipaṭṭhāna, the experience of anicca, arising and passing away, plays a crucial role. This experience of anicca as it manifests in the mind and body is also called vipassanā. The practice of Vipassana is the same as the practice of satipaṭṭhāna.

The Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta begins with the observation of the body. Here several different starting points are explained: observing respiration, giving attention to bodily movements, etc. It is from these points that we can progressively develop vedanānupassanā, cittānupassanā  and dhammānupassanā. However, no matter from which point the journey starts, stages come which everyone must pass through on the way to the final goal. These are described in important sentences repeated not only at the end of each section of kāyānupassanā but also at the end of vedanānupassanā, cittānupassanā and each section of dhammānupassanā. They are:

  1. Samudaya-dhammānupassī vā viharati.
  2. Vaya-dhammānupassī vā viharati.
  3. Samudaya-vaya-dhammānupassī vā viharati.8
  1. One dwells observing the phenomenon of arising.
  2. One dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away.
  3. One dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away.

These sentences reveal the essence of the practice of satipaṭṭhāna. Unless these three levels of anicca are experienced, we will not develop paññā (wisdom)  -  the equanimity based on the experience of impermanence  -  which leads to detachment and liberation. Therefore, in order to practise any of the four-fold satipaṭṭhānā we have to develop the constant thorough understanding of impermanence which in Pāli is known as sampajañña.

Sampajañña has been often misunderstood. In the colloquial language of the day, it also had the meaning of "knowingly." For example, the Buddha has spoken of sampajānamusā bhāsitā,9 and sampajāna musāvāda10 which means "consciously, or knowingly, to speak falsely." This superficial meaning of the term is sufficient in an ordinary context. But whenever the Buddha speaks of vipassanā, of the practice leading to purification, to nibbāna, as here in this sutta, then sampajañña has a specific, technical significance.

To remain sampajāno (the adjective form of sampajañña), one must meditate on the impermanence of phenomena (anicca-bodha), objectively observing mind and matter without reaction. The understanding of samudaya-vaya-dhammā (the nature of arising and passing away) cannot be by contemplation, which is merely a process of thinking, or by imagination or even by believing; it must be performed with paccanubhoti 11 (direct experience), which is yathābhūta-ñāṇa-dassana 12 (experiential knowledge of the reality as it is). Here the observation of vedanā plays its vital role, because with vedanā a meditator very clearly and tangibly experiences samudaya-vaya (arising and passing away). Sampajañña, in fact, is directly perceiving the arising and passing away of vedanā, wherein all four facets of our being are included.

It is for this reason that the three essential qualities - to remain ātāpī (ardent), sampajāno, and satimā (aware) - are invariably repeated for each of the four satipaṭṭhānas. And as the Buddha explained, sampajañña is observing the arising and passing away of vedanā.13 Hence the part played by vedanā in the practice of satipaṭṭhāna should not be ignored or this practice of satipaṭṭhāna will not be complete.

In the words of the Buddha:

Tisso imā, bhikkhave, vedanā. Katamā tisso? Sukhā vedanā, dukkhā vedanā, adukkhamasukhā vedanā.
Imā kho, bhikkhave, tisso vedanā. Imāsa
ṃ kho, bhikkhave, tissannaṃ vedanānaṃ pariññāya cattāro satipaṭṭhānā bhāvetabbā.14

Meditators, there are three types of body sensations. What are the three? Pleasant sensations, unpleasant sensations and neutral sensations. Practise, meditators, the four-fold satipaṭṭhānā for the complete understanding of these three sensations.

The practice of satipaṭṭhāna, which is the practice of Vipassana, is complete only when one directly experiences impermanence. Sensations provide the nexus where the entire mind and body are tangibly revealed as impermanent phenomena, leading to liberation.

References

1. Dīgha-nikāya: VRI II. 373; PTS II. 290

2. Loc. cit.

3. Aṅguttara-nikāya, VRI II, 58; PTS V, 107

4. Paṭṭhāna, Vol. I, Kusalatika: VRI, 324

5. Vinaya, Mahāvagga: VRI, 1; PTS 2

6. Abhidhammattha-saṅgaho, Hindi translation and commentary by Ven. Dr. U Rewata Dhamma, Varanaseya Sanskrit Vishva-vidyalaya, Varanasi, Vol. I p. 101. By using the term anubhavanarasā, the commentator is pointing to the fact that the essence of experience itself is vedanā, the sensations on the body.

7. Udāna: VRI, 31; PTS, 37

8. Dīgha-nikāya: VRI II. 374-404; PTS II. 292-314

9. Dīgha-nikāya: VRI III. 62; PTS III 45. Aṅguttara-nikāya : VRI I, Tikanipāta, 28; PTS I. 128

10. Vinaya, Pācittiya: VRI, 3; PTS 2

11. Majjhima-nikāya: VRI I. 455; PTS I. 295; Saṃyutta-nikāya: VRI III. 512, 823 ff., 839 ff.; PTS V. 217, 264ff., 286 ff.

12. Aṅguttara-nikāya: VRI II, Pañcakanipāta, 24, 168, Sattakanipāta, 65, VRI III, Aṭṭhakanipāta, 81; PTS III, 19, 200; IV, 99, 336

13. Saṃyutta-nikāya: VRI III. 401; PTS V. 180

14. Ibid.: VRI III. 415; PTS V. 180

_____________________________

Note: Pāli references are from the Chaṭṭha Saṅgāyana edition of the Tipiṭaka, published by the Vipassana Research Institute (VRI), giving book and paragraph number, followed by the Pali Text Society (PTS) edition, giving book and page number.

 

 

 

Namo Tassa

Bhagavato Arahato

Sammāsambuddhassa

 

namo | tassa | bhagavato | arahato | sammāsambuddhassā

homage | to him | the worthy one | without defilements | perfectly enlightened one

 

Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta

The Great Discourse on the Establishing of Awareness

Evaṃ me sutaṃ.

Ekaṃ samayaṃ bhagavā kurūsu viharati kammāsadhammaṃ nāma kurūnaṃ nigamo. Tatra kho bhagavā bhikkhū āmantesi, �eBhikkhavo�f1 ti. �eBhaddante�f ti te bhikkhū bhagavato paccassosuṃ. Bhagavā etadavoca:

Thus have I heard:

At one time the Enlightened One was staying among the Kurus at Kammāsadhamma, a market town of the Kuru people. There the Enlightened One addressed the monks thus: "Monks,"1 and they replied, "Venerable Sir!" Then the Enlightened One spoke as follows:

1. Uddeso

1. Introduction

Ekāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā, sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāya, dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya, ñāyassa adhigamāya, nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya, yadidaṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā.2

This is the one and only way, monks, for the purification of beings, for the overcoming of sorrow and lamentation, for the extinguishing of suffering and grief, for walking on the path of truth, for the realisation of nibbāna: that is to say, the fourfold establishing of awareness.2

Katame cattāro? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno3 satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Citte cittānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ.4

Which four? Here, monks, a monk dwells ardent with awareness and constant thorough understanding of impermanence, 3 observing body in body, having removed craving and aversion towards the world [of mind and matter]; he dwells ardent with awareness and constant thorough understanding of impermanence, observing sensations in sensations, having removed craving and aversion towards the world [of mind and matter]; he dwells ardent with awareness and constant thorough understanding of impermanence, observing mind in mind, having removed craving and aversion towards the world [of mind and matter]; he dwells ardent with awareness and constant thorough understanding of impermanence, observing mental contents in mental contents, having removed craving and aversion towards the world [of mind and matter].4

2. Kāyānupassanā

2. The Observation of Body

A. Ānāpānapabbaṃ

A. Section on Respiration

Kathaṃ ca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati?

And how, monks, does a monk dwell observing body in body?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu araññagato vā rukkhamūlagato vā suññāgāragato vā nisīdati pallaṅkaṃ ābhujitvā, ujuṃ kāyaṃ paṇidhāya, parimukhaṃ satiṃ upaṭṭhapetvā. So sato va assasati, sato va passasati. Dīghaṃ vā assasanto �edīghaṃ assasāmī�f ti pajānāti,5 dīghaṃ vā passasanto �edīghaṃ passasāmī�f ti pajānāti. Rassaṃ vā assasanto �erassaṃ assasāmī�f ti pajānāti, rassaṃ vā passasanto �erassaṃ passasāmī�f ti pajānāti. �eSabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī�f ti sikkhati, �esabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī�f ti sikkhati. �ePassambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmī�f ti sikkhati, �epassambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmī�f ti sikkhati.

Here a monk, having gone into the forest, or to the foot of a tree, or to an empty room, sits down cross-legged, keeps his body upright and fixes his awareness in the area around the mouth. With this awareness, he breathes in, with this awareness, he breathes out. Breathing in a deep breath, he understands properly:5 "I am breathing in a deep breath." Breathing out a deep breath, he understands properly: "I am breathing out a deep breath." Breathing in a shallow breath, he understands properly: "I am breathing in a shallow breath." Breathing out a shallow breath, he understands properly: "I am breathing out a shallow breath." In this way he trains himself: "Feeling the whole body, I shall breathe in." "Feeling the whole body, I shall breathe out," thus he trains himself. "With the bodily activities calmed, I shall breathe in," thus he trains himself. "With the bodily activities calmed, I shall breathe out," thus he trains himself.

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho bhamakāro vā bhamakārantevāsī vā dīghaṃ vā añchanto �edīghaṃ añchāmī�f ti pajānāti, rassaṃ vā añchanto �erassaṃ añchāmī�f ti pajānāti. Evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dīghaṃ vā assasanto �edīghaṃ assasāmī�f ti pajānāti, dīghaṃ vā passasanto �edīghaṃ passasāmī�f ti pajānāti, rassaṃ vā assasanto �erassaṃ assasāmī�f ti pajānāti, rassaṃ vā passasanto �erassaṃ passasāmī�f ti pajānāti. �eSabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī�f ti sikkhati, �esabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī passasissāmī�f ti sikkhati, �epassambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ assasissāmī�f ti sikkhati, �epassambhayaṃ kāyasaṅkhāraṃ passasissāmī�f ti sikkhati.

Just as a skilful turner or a turner�fs apprentice, while making a long turn understands properly: "I am making a long turn," and while making a short turn, understands properly: "I am making a short turn," just so, the monk, breathing in a deep breath, understands properly: "I am breathing in a deep breath." Breathing in a shallow breath, he understands properly: "I am breathing in a shallow breath." Breathing out a deep breath, he understands properly: "I am breathing out a deep breath." Breathing out a shallow breath, he understands properly: "I am breathing out a shallow breath." In this way he trains himself: "Feeling the whole body, I shall breathe in." "Feeling the whole body, I shall breathe out," thus he trains himself. "With the bodily activities calmed, I shall breathe in," thus he trains himself. "With the bodily activities calmed, I shall breathe out," thus he trains himself.

Iti6 ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā7 vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, �eatthi kāyo�f8 ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya9 anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus6 he dwells observing body in body internally, or he dwells observing body in body externally, or he dwells observing body in body both internally and externally.7 Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the body. Now his awareness is established: "This is body!"8 Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness.9 In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing body in body.

B. Iriyāpathapabbaṃ

B. Section on Postures

Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gacchanto vā �egacchāmī�f ti pajānāti, ṭhito vā �eṭhitomhī�f ti pajānāti, nisinno vā �enisinnomhī�f ti pajānāti, sayāno vā �esayānomhī�f ti pajānāti. Yathā yathā vā panassa kāyo paṇihito hoti, tathā tathā naṃ pajānāti.10

Again, monks, a monk while he is walking, understands properly: "I am walking"; while he is standing, he understands properly: "I am standing"; while he is sitting, he understands properly: "I am sitting"; while he is lying down, he understands properly: "I am lying down." In whichever position he disposes his body, he understands it properly.10

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, �eatthi kāyo�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing body in body internally, or he dwells observing body in body externally, or he dwells observing body in body both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the body. Now his awareness is established: "This is body!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing body in body.

C. Sampajānapabbaṃ

C. Section on Constant Thorough Understanding of Impermanence

Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hoti,11 ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti, saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccārapassāvakamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti.

Again, monks, a monk, while going forward or backward, he does so with constant thorough understanding of impermanence;11 whether he is looking straight ahead or looking sideways, he does so with constant thorough understanding of impermanence; while he is bending or stretching, he does so with constant thorough understanding of impermanence; whether wearing his robes or carrying his bowl, he does so with constant thorough understanding of impermanence; whether he is eating, drinking, chewing or savouring, he does so with constant thorough understanding of impermanence; while attending to the calls of nature, he does so with constant thorough understanding of impermanence; whether he is walking, standing, sitting, sleeping or waking, speaking or in silence, he does so with constant thorough understanding of impermanence.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, �eatthi kāyo�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing body in body internally, or he dwells observing body in body externally, or he dwells observing body in body both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the body. Now his awareness is established: "This is body!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing body in body.

D. Paṭikūlamanasikārapabbaṃ

D. Section on Reflections on Repulsiveness

Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ, uddhaṃ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā, tacapariyantaṃ pūraṃ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati: �eAtthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṃsaṃ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṃ vakkaṃ hadayaṃ yakanaṃ kilomakaṃ pihakaṃ papphāsaṃ antaṃ antaguṇaṃ udariyaṃ karīsaṃ pittaṃ semhaṃ pubbo lohitaṃ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttaṃ�f ti.

Again, monks, a monk reflects on this very body, that is covered with skin and full of impurities of all kinds from the soles of the feet upwards and from the hair of the head downwards, considering thus: "In this body, there are hairs of the head, hairs of the skin, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, sinews, bones, marrow, kidney, heart, liver, pleura, spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, stomach with its contents, faeces, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, nasal mucus, synovial fluid and urine."

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, ubhatomukhā putoḷi pūrā nānāvihitassa dhaññassa, seyyathidaṃ sālīnaṃ vīhīnaṃ muggānaṃ māsānaṃ tilānaṃ taṇḍulānaṃ. Tamenaṃ cakkhumā puriso muñcitvā paccavekkheyya: �eIme sālī ime vīhī, ime muggā, ime māsā, ime tilā, ime taṇḍulā�f ti; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ, uddhaṃ pādatalā adho kesamatthakā, tacapariyantaṃ pūraṃ nānappakārassa asucino paccavekkhati: �eAtthi imasmiṃ kāye kesā lomā nakhā dantā taco maṃsaṃ nhāru aṭṭhi aṭṭhimiñjaṃ vakkaṃ hadayaṃ yakanaṃ kilomakaṃ pihakaṃ papphāsaṃ antaṃ antaguṇaṃ udariyaṃ karīsaṃ pittaṃ semhaṃ pubbo lohitaṃ sedo medo assu vasā kheḷo siṅghāṇikā lasikā muttaṃ�f ti.

Just as if there were a double-mouthed provision bag, full of various kinds of grains and seeds, such as hill-paddy, paddy, mung-beans, cow-peas, sesame seeds and husked rice, and as if there were a man with discerning eyes, who, after having opened that bag would examine the contents, saying: "This is hill-paddy, this is paddy, these are mung-beans, these are cow-peas, these are sesame seeds and this is husked rice"; in this same way, monks, a monk reflects on this very body, that is covered with skin and full of impurities of all kinds from the soles of the feet upwards and from the hair of the head downwards, considering thus: "In this body, there are hairs of the head, hairs of the skin, nails, teeth, skin, flesh, sinews, bones, marrow, kidney, heart, liver, pleura, spleen, lungs, intestines, mesentery, stomach with its contents, faeces, bile, phlegm, pus, blood, sweat, fat, tears, grease, saliva, nasal mucus, synovial fluid and urine."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, �eatthi kāyo�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing body in body internally, or he dwells observing body in body externally, or he dwells observing body in body both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the body. Now his awareness is established: "This is body!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing body in body.

E. Dhātumanasikārapabbaṃ

E. Section on the Reflections on the Material Elements

Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ yathāṭhitaṃ yathāpaṇihitaṃ dhātuso paccavekkhati: �eAtthi imasmiṃ kāye pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū�f ti.

Again, monks, a monk reflects on this very body, however it is placed or disposed, considering it according to the characteristic of each element: "In this body, there is the earth-element, the water-element, the fire-element and the air-element."

Seyyathāpi, bhikkhave, dakkho goghātako vā goghātakantevāsī vā gāviṃ vadhitvā catumahāpathe bilaso vibhajitvā nisinno assa; evameva kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kāyaṃ yathāṭhitaṃ yathāpaṇihitaṃ dhātuso paccavekkhati: �eAtthi imasmiṃ kāye pathavīdhātu āpodhātu tejodhātu vāyodhātū�f ti.

Just as if, monks, a skilful cow-butcher or his apprentice, after having slaughtered a cow and having divided it into portions, would sit down at the junction of four roads; in the same way, monks, a monk reflects on this very body, however it is placed or disposed, considering the material elements: "In this body, there is the earth-element, the water-element, the fire-element and the air-element."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, �eatthi kāyo�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing body in body internally, or he dwells observing body in body externally, or he dwells observing body in body both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the body. Now his awareness is established: "This is body!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing body in body.

F. Navasivathikapabbaṃ

F. Section on the Nine Charnel-ground Observations

Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ ekāhamataṃ vā dvīhamataṃ vā tīhamataṃ vā uddhumātakaṃ vinīlakaṃ vipubbakajātaṃ. So imameva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: �eayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃanatīto�f ti.

Again, monks, a monk, when he sees a dead body that has been thrown in a charnel-ground, dead for one, two or three days, swollen, blue and festering, regarding his own body considers thus: "Indeed, this body is of the same nature, it will become like that and cannot escape it."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, �eatthi kāyo�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing body in body internally, or he dwells observing body in body externally, or he dwells observing body in body both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the body. Now his awareness is established: "This is body!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing body in body.

Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ kākehi vā khajjamānaṃ kulalehi vā khajjamānaṃ gijjhehi vā khajjamānaṃ kaṅkehi vā khajjamānaṃ sunakhehi vā khajjamānaṃ byagghehi vā khajjamānaṃ dīpīhi vā khajjamānaṃ siṅgālehi vā khajjamānaṃ vividhehi vā pāṇakajātehi khajjamānaṃ. So imameva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: �eayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃanatīto�f ti.

Again, monks, a monk, when he sees a dead body that has been thrown in a charnel-ground, being eaten by crows, being eaten by vultures, being eaten by falcons, being eaten by herons, being eaten by dogs, being eaten by tigers, being eaten by leopards, being eaten by jackals and being eaten by different kinds of creatures, regarding his own body considers thus: "Indeed, this body is of the same nature, it will become like that and cannot escape it."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, �eatthi kāyo�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing body in body internally, or he dwells observing body in body externally, or he dwells observing body in body both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the body. Now his awareness is established: "This is body!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing body in body.

Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṃ samaṃsalohitaṃ nhārusambandhaṃ. So imameva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: �eayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃanatīto�f ti.

Again, monks, a monk, when he sees a dead body that has been thrown in a charnel-ground, reduced to a skeleton with some flesh and blood attached to it and held together by tendons, regarding his own body considers thus: "Indeed, this body is of the same nature, it will become like that and cannot escape it."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, �eatthi kāyo�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing body in body internally, or he dwells observing body in body externally, or he dwells observing body in body both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the body. Now his awareness is established: "This is body!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing body in body.

Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṃ nimaṃsalohitamakkhitaṃ nhārusambandhaṃ. So imameva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: �eayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃanatīto�f ti.

Again, monks, a monk, when he sees a dead body that has been thrown in a charnel-ground, reduced to a skeleton without any flesh but smeared with blood and held together by tendons, regarding his own body considers thus: "Indeed, this body is of the same nature, it will become like that and cannot escape it."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, �eatthi kāyo�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing body in body internally, or he dwells observing body in body externally, or he dwells observing body in body both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the body. Now his awareness is established: "This is body!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing body in body.

Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhikasaṅkhalikaṃ apagatamaṃsalohitaṃ nhārusambandhaṃ. So imameva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: �eayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃanatīto�f ti.

Again, monks, a monk, when he sees a dead body that has been thrown in a charnel-ground, reduced to a skeleton without any flesh or blood, held together by tendons, regarding his own body considers thus: "Indeed, this body is of the same nature, it will become like that and cannot escape it."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, �eatthi kāyo�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing body in body internally, or he dwells observing body in body externally, or he dwells observing body in body both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the body. Now his awareness is established: "This is body!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing body in body.

Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhikāni apagatasambandhāni disā vidisā vikkhittāni, aññena hatthaṭṭhikaṃ aññena pādaṭṭhikaṃ aññena gopphakaṭṭhikaṃ aññena jaṅghaṭṭhikaṃ aññena ūruṭṭhikaṃ aññena kaṭiṭṭhikaṃ aññena phāsukaṭṭhikaṃ aññena piṭṭhiṭṭhikaṃ aññena khandhaṭṭhikaṃ aññena gīvaṭṭhikaṃ aññena hanukaṭṭhikaṃ aññena dantaṭṭhikaṃ aññena sīsakaṭāhaṃ. So imameva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: �eayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃanatīto�f ti.

Again, monks, a monk, when he sees a dead body that has been thrown in a charnel-ground, reduced to disconnected bones, scattered in all directions, here a bone of the hand, there a bone of the foot, here a bone of the ankle, there a bone of the knee, here a bone of the thigh and there a bone of the pelvis, here a bone of the spine, there a bone of the back, again there a bone of the shoulder, here a bone of the throat, there a bone of the chin, here a bone of the teeth and there a bone of the skull, regarding his own body considers thus: "Indeed, this body is of the same nature, it will become like that and cannot escape it."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, �eatthi kāyo�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing body in body internally, or he dwells observing body in body externally, or he dwells observing body in body both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the body. Now his awareness is established: "This is body!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing body in body.

Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhikāni setāni saṅkhavaṇṇapaṭibhāgāni. So imameva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: �eayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃanatīto�f ti.

Again, monks, a monk, when he sees a dead body that has been thrown in a charnel-ground, reduced to bleached bones of conch-like colour, regarding his own body considers thus: "Indeed, this body is of the same nature, it will become like that and cannot escape it."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, �eatthi kāyo�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing body in body internally, or he dwells observing body in body externally, or he dwells observing body in body both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the body. Now his awareness is established: "This is body!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing body in body.

Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhikāni puñjakitāni terovassikāni. So imameva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: �eayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃanatīto�f ti.

Again, monks, a monk, when he sees a dead body that has been thrown in a charnel-ground, of bones that are piled up in a heap more than a year old, regarding his own body considers thus: "Indeed, this body is of the same nature, it will become like that and cannot escape it."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, �eatthi kāyo�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing body in body internally, or he dwells observing body in body externally, or he dwells observing body in body both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the body. Now his awareness is established: "This is body!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing body in body.

Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu seyyathāpi passeyya sarīraṃ sivathikāya chaḍḍitaṃ aṭṭhikāni pūtīni cuṇṇakajātāni. So imameva kāyaṃ upasaṃharati: �eayaṃ pi kho kāyo evaṃdhammo evaṃbhāvī evaṃanatīto�f ti.

Again, monks, a monk, when he sees a dead body that has been thrown in a charnel-ground, the bones having rotted away to powder, regarding his own body considers thus: "Indeed, this body is of the same nature, it will become like that and cannot escape it."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, �eatthi kāyo�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing body in body internally, or he dwells observing body in body externally, or he dwells observing body in body both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the body. Now his awareness is established: "This is body!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing body in body.

3. Vedanānupassanā

3. The Observation of Sensations

Kathaṃ ca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati?

How, monks, does a monk dwell, observing sensations in sensations?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sukhaṃ vā vedanaṃ vedayamāno �esukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī�f ti pajānāti; dukkhaṃ vā vedanaṃ vedayamāno �edukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī�f ti pajānāti; adukkhamasukhaṃ vā vedanaṃ vedayamāno �eadukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī�f ti pajānāti. Sāmisaṃ vā sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno �esāmisaṃ sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī�f ti pajānāti; nirāmisaṃ vā sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno �enirāmisaṃ sukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī�f ti pajānāti. Sāmisaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno �esāmisaṃ dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī�f ti pajānāti; nirāmisaṃ vā dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno �enirāmisaṃ dukkhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī�f ti pajānāti. Sāmisaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno �esāmisaṃ adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī�f ti pajānāti; nirāmisaṃ vā adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayamāno �enirāmisaṃ adukkhamasukhaṃ vedanaṃ vedayāmī�f ti pajānāti.12

Here, monks, a monk, while experiencing a pleasant sensation, understands properly, "I am experiencing a pleasant sensation"; while experiencing an unpleasant sensation, he understands properly, "I am experiencing an unpleasant sensation"; while experiencing a neither-unpleasant-nor-pleasant sensation, he understands properly, "I am experiencing a neither-unpleasant-nor-pleasant sensation." While he is experiencing a pleasant sensation with attachment, he understands properly, "I am experiencing a pleasant sensation with attachment"; while he is experiencing a pleasant sensation without attachment, he understands properly, "I am experiencing a pleasant sensation without attachment"; while experiencing an unpleasant sensation with attachment, he understands properly, "I am experiencing an unpleasant sensation with attachment"; while experiencing an unpleasant sensation without attachment, he understands properly, "I am experiencing an unpleasant sensation without attachment"; while experiencing a neither-unpleasant-nor-pleasant sensation with attachment, he understands properly, "I am experiencing a neither-unpleasant-nor-pleasant sensation with attachment"; while experiencing a neither-unpleasant-nor-pleasant sensation without attachment, he understands properly, "I am experiencing a neither-unpleasant-nor-pleasant sensation without attachment."12

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati, bahiddhā13 vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā vedanāsu viharati, �eatthi vedanā�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing sensations in sensations internally, or he dwells observing sensations in sensations externally,13 or he dwells observing sensations in sensations both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in sensations, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in sensations, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in sensations. Now his awareness is established: "This is sensation!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing sensations in sensations.

4. Cittānupassanā

4. The Observation of Mind

Kathaṃ ca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu citte14 cittānupassī viharati?

Again, monks, how does a monk dwell, observing mind in mind?14

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ �esarāgaṃ cittaṃ�f ti pajānāti, vītarāgaṃ vā cittaṃ �evītarāgaṃ cittaṃ�f ti pajānāti, sadosaṃ vā cittaṃ �esadosaṃ cittaṃ�f ti pajānāti, vītadosaṃ vā cittaṃ �evītadosaṃ cittaṃ�f ti pajānāti, samohaṃ vā cittaṃ �esamohaṃ cittaṃ�f ti pajānāti, vītamohaṃ vā cittaṃ �evītamohaṃ cittaṃ�f ti pajānāti, saṅkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ �esaṅkhittaṃ cittaṃ�f ti pajānāti, vikkhittaṃ vā cittaṃ �evikkhittaṃ cittaṃ�f15 ti pajānāti, mahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ �emahaggataṃ cittaṃ�f ti pajānāti, amahaggataṃ vā cittaṃ �eamahaggataṃ cittaṃ�f16 ti pajānāti, sa-uttaraṃ vā cittaṃ �esa-uttaraṃ cittaṃ�f ti pajānāti, anuttaraṃ vā cittaṃ �eanuttaraṃ cittaṃ�f17 ti pajānāti, samāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ �esamāhitaṃ cittaṃ�f ti pajānāti, asamāhitaṃ vā cittaṃ �easamāhitaṃ cittaṃ�f18 ti pajānāti, vimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ �evimuttaṃ cittaṃ�f ti pajānāti, avimuttaṃ vā cittaṃ �eavimuttaṃ cittaṃ�f ti pajānāti.

Here, monks, a monk understands properly mind with craving as mind with craving, he understands properly mind free from craving as mind free from craving, he understands properly mind with aversion as mind with aversion, he understands properly mind free from aversion as mind free from aversion, he understands properly mind with delusion as mind with delusion, he understands properly mind free from delusion as mind free from delusion, he understands properly collected mind as collected mind, he understands properly a scattered mind as scattered mind,15 he understands properly expanded mind as expanded mind, he understands properly unexpanded mind as unexpanded mind,16 he understands properly surpassable mind as surpassable mind, he understands properly unsurpassable mind as unsurpassable mind,17 he understands properly concentrated mind as concentrated mind, he understands properly unconcentrated mind as unconcentrated mind,18 he understands properly freed mind as freed mind, he understands properly not freed mind as not freed mind.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā citte cittānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā citte cittānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā citte cittānupassī viharati,19 samudayadhammānupassī vā cittasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā cittasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā cittasmiṃ viharati, �eatthi cittaṃ�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu citte cittānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing mind in mind internally, or he dwells observing mind in mind externally, or he dwells observing mind in mind both internally and externally.19 Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the mind, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the mind, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the mind. Now his awareness is established: "This is mind!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing mind in mind.

5. Dhammānupassanā

5. The Observation of Mental Contents

A. Nīvaraṇapabbaṃ

A. The Section on the Hindrances

Kathaṃ ca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati?

Again, monks, how does a monk dwell, observing mental contents in mental contents?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati - pañcasu nīvaraṇesu.

Here, monks, a monk dwells, observing mental contents in mental contents, as regards the five hindrances.

Kathaṃ ca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati - pañcasu nīvaraṇesu?

How, monks, does a monk dwell, observing mental contents in mental contents, as regards the five hindrances?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ kāmacchandaṃ �eatthi me ajjhattaṃ kāmacchando�f ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ kāmacchandaṃ �enatthi me ajjhattaṃ kāmacchando�f ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa kāmacchandassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa kāmacchandassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa kāmacchandassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

Here, monks, a monk, whenever sense desire is present in him, he understands properly that, "Sense desire is present in me." Whenever sense desire is absent from him, he understands properly that, "Sense desire is absent from me." He understands properly, how sense desire that has not yet arisen in him, comes to arise. He understands properly, how sense desire that has now arisen in him, gets eradicated. He understands properly, how sense desire that has now been eradicated, will in future no longer arise in him.

Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ byāpādaṃ �eatthi me ajjhattaṃ byāpādo�f ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ byāpādaṃ �enatthi me ajjhattaṃ byāpādo�f ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa byāpādassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa byāpādassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa byāpādassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

Whenever aversion is present in him, he understands properly that, "Aversion is present in me." Whenever aversion is absent from him, he understands properly that, "Aversion is absent from me." He understands properly, how aversion that has not yet arisen in him, comes to arise. He understands properly, how aversion that has now arisen in him, gets eradicated. He understands properly, how aversion that has now been eradicated, will in future no longer arise in him.

Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ thinamiddhaṃ �eatthi me ajjhattaṃ thinamiddhaṃ�f ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ thinamiddhaṃ �enatthi me ajjhattaṃ thinamiddhaṃ�f ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa thinamiddhassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa thinamiddhassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa thinamiddhassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

Whenever sloth and torpor are present in him, he understands properly that, "Sloth and torpor are present in me." Whenever sloth and torpor are absent from him, he understands properly that, "Sloth and torpor are absent from me." He understands properly, how sloth and torpor that have not yet arisen in him, come to arise. He understands properly, how sloth and torpor that have now arisen in him, get eradicated. He understands properly, how sloth and torpor that have now been eradicated, will in future no longer arise in him.

Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ uddhaccakukkuccaṃ �eatthi me ajjhattaṃ uddhaccakukkuccaṃ�f ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ uddhaccakukkuccaṃ �enatthi me ajjhattaṃ uddhaccakukkuccaṃ�f ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa uddhaccakukkuccassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa uddhaccakukkuccassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa uddhaccakukkuccassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

Whenever agitation and remorse are present in him, he understands properly that, "Agitation and remorse are present in me." Whenever agitation and remorse are absent from him, he understands properly that, "Agitation and remorse are absent from me." He understands properly, how agitation and remorse that have not yet arisen in him, come to arise. He understands properly, how agitation and remorse that have now arisen in him, get eradicated. He understands properly, how agitation and remorse that have now been eradicated, will in future no longer arise in him.

Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ vicikicchaṃ �eatthi me ajjhattaṃ vicikicchā�f ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ vicikicchaṃ �enatthi me ajjhattaṃ vicikicchā�f ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannāya vicikicchāya uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannāya vicikicchāya pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnāya vicikicchāya āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

Whenever doubt is present in him, he understands properly that, "Doubt is present in me." Whenever doubt is absent from him, he understands properly that, "Doubt is absent from me." He understands properly, how doubt that has not yet arisen in him, comes to arise. He understands properly, how doubt that has now arisen in him, gets eradicated. He understands properly, how doubt that has now been eradicated, will in future no longer arise in him.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, �eatthi dhammā�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu nīvaraṇesu.

Thus he dwells observing mental contents in mental contents internally, or he dwells observing mental contents in mental contents externally, or he dwells observing mental contents in mental contents both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the mental contents, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the mental contents, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the mental contents. Now his awareness is established: "These are mental contents!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing mental contents in mental contents as regards the five hindrances.

B. Khandhapabbaṃ

B. The Section on the Aggregates

Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu.20

Again, monks, a monk dwells, observing mental contents in mental contents, as regards the five aggregates of clinging.20

Kathaṃ ca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu?

How, monks, does a monk dwell, observing mental contents in mental contents, as regards the five aggregates of clinging?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu, �eiti rūpaṃ, iti rūpassa samudayo, iti rūpassa atthaṅgamo; iti vedanā, iti vedanāya samudayo, iti vedanāya atthaṅgamo; iti saññā, iti saññāya samudayo, iti saññāya atthaṅgamo; iti saṅkhārā, iti saṅkhārānaṃ samudayo, iti saṅkhārānaṃ atthaṅgamo; iti viññāṇaṃ, iti viññāṇassa samudayo, iti viññāṇassa atthaṅgamo�f ti.

Here, monks, a monk [understands properly]: "Such is matter, such is the arising of matter, such is the passing away of matter; such are sensations, such is the arising of sensations, such is the passing away of sensations; such is perception, such is the arising of perception, such is the passing away of perception; such are reactions, such is the arising of reactions, such is the passing away of reactions; such is consciousness, such is the arising of consciousness, such is the passing away of consciousness."

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, �eatthi dhammā�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati pañcasu upādānakkhandhesu.

Thus he dwells observing mental contents in mental contents internally, or he dwells observing mental contents in mental contents externally, or he dwells observing mental contents in mental contents both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the mental contents, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the mental contents, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the mental contents. Now his awareness is established: "These are mental contents!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing mental contents in mental contents as regards the five aggregates of clinging.

C. Āyatanapabbaṃ

C. The Section on the Sense Spheres

Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu.

Again, monks, a monk dwells, observing mental contents in mental contents, as regards the six internal and external sense spheres.

Kathaṃ ca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu?

How, monks, does a monk dwell, observing mental contents in mental contents, as regards the six internal and external sense spheres?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu cakkhuṃ ca pajānāti, rūpe ca pajānāti, yaṃ ca tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

Here, monks, a monk understands properly the eye, he understands properly the visible object and he understands properly the bondage that arises dependent on these two. He understands properly how the bondage that has not yet arisen, comes to arise. He understands properly how the bondage that has now arisen, gets eradicated. He understands properly how that bondage that has now been eradicated, will in future no longer arise.

Sotaṃ ca pajānāti, sadde ca pajānāti, yaṃ ca tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

He understands properly the ear, he understands properly sound and he understands properly the bondage that arises dependent on these two. He understands properly how the bondage that has not yet arisen, comes to arise. He understands properly how the bondage that has now arisen, gets eradicated. He understands properly how that bondage that has now been eradicated, will in future no longer arise.

Ghānaṃ ca pajānāti, gandhe ca pajānāti, yaṃ ca tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

He understands properly the nose, he understands properly smell and he understands properly the bondage that arises dependent on these two. He understands properly how the bondage that has not yet arisen, comes to arise. He understands properly how the bondage that has now arisen, gets eradicated. He understands properly how that bondage that has now been eradicated, will in future no longer arise.

Jivhaṃ ca pajānāti, rase ca pajānāti, yaṃ ca tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

He understands properly the tongue, he understands properly taste and he understands properly the bondage that arises dependent on these two. He understands properly how the bondage that has not yet arisen, comes to arise. He understands properly how the bondage that has now arisen, gets eradicated. He understands properly how that bondage that has now been eradicated, will in future no longer arise.

Kāyaṃ ca pajānāti, phoṭṭhabbe ca pajānāti, yaṃ ca tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

He understands properly the body, he understands properly touch and he understands properly the bondage that arises dependent on these two. He understands properly how the bondage that has not yet arisen, comes to arise. He understands properly how the bondage that has now arisen, gets eradicated. He understands properly how that bondage that has now been eradicated, will in future no longer arise.

Manaṃ ca pajānāti, dhamme ca pajānāti, yaṃ ca tadubhayaṃ paṭicca uppajjati saṃyojanaṃ taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa saṃyojanassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa saṃyojanassa pahānaṃ hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca pahīnassa saṃyojanassa āyatiṃ anuppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

He understands properly the mind, he understands properly the contents of the mind and he understands properly the bondage that arises dependent on these two. He understands properly how the bondage that has not yet arisen, comes to arise. He understands properly how the bondage that has now arisen, gets eradicated. He understands properly how that bondage that has now been eradicated, will in future no longer arise.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, �eatthi dhammā�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati chasu ajjhattikabāhiresu āyatanesu.

Thus he dwells observing mental contents in mental contents internally, or he dwells observing mental contents in mental contents externally, or he dwells observing mental contents in mental contents both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the mental contents, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the mental contents, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the mental contents. Now his awareness is established: "These are mental contents!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing mental contents in mental contents as regards the six internal and external sense spheres.

D. Bojjhaṅgapabbaṃ

D. The Section on the Factors of Enlightenment

Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati sattasu bojjhaṅgesu.

Again, monks, a monk dwells observing mental contents in mental contents, as regards the seven factors of enlightenment.

Kathaṃ ca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati sattasu bojjhaṅgesu?

How, monks, does a monk dwell observing mental contents in mental contents, as regards the seven factors of enlightenment?

Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ satisambojjhaṅgaṃ �eatthi me ajjhattaṃ satisambojjhaṅgo�f ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ satisambojjhaṅgaṃ �enatthi me ajjhattaṃ satisambojjhaṅgo�f ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa satisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa satisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

Here, monks, a monk understands properly that, when the factor of enlightenment, awareness, is present within him, "The factor of enlightenment, awareness, is present in me." He understands properly that, when the factor of enlightenment, awareness, is absent from him, "The factor of enlightenment, awareness, is absent from me." He understands properly, how the factor of enlightenment, awareness, that has not yet arisen in him, comes to arise. He understands properly, how the factor of enlightenment, awareness, that has now arisen, is developed and perfected.

Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṃ21 �eatthi me ajjhattaṃ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo�f ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgaṃ �enatthi me ajjhattaṃ dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgo�f ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa dhammavicayasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

When the factor of enlightenment, investigation of Dhamma,21 is present in him, he understands properly, "The factor of enlightenment, investigation of Dhamma, is present in me." He understands properly that, when the factor of enlightenment, investigation of Dhamma, is absent from him, "The factor of enlightenment, investigation of Dhamma, is absent from me." He understands properly, how the factor of enlightenment, investigation of Dhamma that has not yet arisen in him, comes to arise. He understands properly, how the factor of enlightenment, investigation of Dhamma, that has now arisen, is developed and perfected.

Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ �eatthi me ajjhattaṃ vīriyasambojjhaṅgo�f ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ vīriyasambojjhaṅgaṃ �enatthi me ajjhattaṃ vīriyasambojjhaṅgo�f ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa vīriyasambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

When the factor of enlightenment, effort, is present in him, he understands properly, "The factor of enlightenment, effort, is present in me." He understands properly that, when the factor of enlightenment, effort, is absent from him, "The factor of enlightenment, effort, is absent from me." He understands properly, how the factor of enlightenment, effort, that has not yet arisen in him, comes to arise. He understands properly, how the factor of enlightenment, that has now arisen, is developed and perfected.

Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ pītisambojjhaṅgaṃ22 �eatthi me ajjhattaṃ pītisambojjhaṅgo�f ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ pītisambojjhaṅgaṃ �enatthi me ajjhattaṃ pītisambojjhaṅgo�f ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa pītisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa pītisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

When the factor of enlightenment, rapture,22 is present in him, he understands properly, "The factor of enlightenment, rapture, is present in me." He understands properly that, when the factor of enlightenment, rapture, is absent from him, "The factor of enlightenment, rapture, is absent from me." He understands properly, how the factor of enlightenment, rapture, that has not yet arisen in him, comes to arise. He understands properly, how the factor of enlightenment, rapture, that has now arisen, is developed and perfected.

Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṃ23 �eatthi me ajjhattaṃ passaddhisambojjhaṅgo�f ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ passaddhisambojjhaṅgaṃ �enatthi me ajjhattaṃ passaddhisambojjhaṅgo�f ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa passaddhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

When the factor of enlightenment, tranquillity,23 is present in him, he understands properly, "The factor of enlightenment, tranquillity, is present in me." He understands properly that, when the factor of enlightenment, tranquillity, is absent from him, "The factor of enlightenment, tranquillity is absent from me." He understands properly, how the factor of enlightenment, tranquillity, that has not yet arisen in him, comes to arise. He understands properly, how the factor of enlightenment, tranquillity, that has now arisen, is developed and perfected.

Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ samādhisambojjhaṅgaṃ �eatthi me ajjhattaṃ samādhisambojjhaṅgo�f ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ samādhisambojjhaṅgaṃ �enatthi me ajjhattaṃ samādhisambojjhaṅgo�f ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa samādhisambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa samādhisambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

When the factor of enlightenment, concentration, is present in him, he understands properly, "The factor of enlightenment, concentration, is present in me." He understands properly that, when the factor of enlightenment, concentration, is absent from him, "The factor of enlightenment, concentration, is absent from me." He understands properly, how the factor of enlightenment, concentration, that has not yet arisen in him, comes to arise. He understands properly, how the factor of enlightenment, concentration, that has now arisen, is developed and perfected.

Santaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ �eatthi me ajjhattaṃ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo�f ti pajānāti, asantaṃ vā ajjhattaṃ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgaṃ �enatthi me ajjhattaṃ upekkhāsambojjhaṅgo�f ti pajānāti, yathā ca anuppannassa upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa uppādo hoti taṃ ca pajānāti, yathā ca uppannassa upekkhāsambojjhaṅgassa bhāvanāya pāripūrī hoti taṃ ca pajānāti.

When the factor of enlightenment, equanimity, is present in him, he understands properly, "The factor of enlightenment, equanimity, is present in me." He understands properly that, when the factor of enlightenment, equanimity, is absent from him, "The factor of enlightenment, equanimity, is absent from me." He understands properly, how the factor of enlightenment, equanimity, that has not yet arisen in him, comes to arise. He understands properly, how the factor of enlightenment, equanimity, that has now arisen, is developed and perfected.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, �eatthi dhammā�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati sattasu bojjhaṅgesu.

Thus he dwells observing mental contents in mental contents internally, or he dwells observing mental contents in mental contents externally, or he dwells observing mental contents in mental contents both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the mental contents, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the mental contents, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the mental contents. Now his awareness is established: "These are mental contents!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing mental contents in mental contents as regards the seven factors of enlightenment.

E. Saccapabbaṃ

E. The Section on the Noble Truths

Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati catūsu ariyasaccesu.

Again, monks, a monk dwells observing mental contents in mental contents, as regards the four noble truths.

Kathaṃ ca pana, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati catūsu ariyasaccesu?

How, monks, does a monk dwell observing mental contents in mental contents, as regards the four noble truths?

Idha bhikkhave, bhikkhu �eidaṃ dukkhaṃ�f ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, �eayaṃ dukkhasamudayo�f ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, �eayaṃ dukkhanirodho�f ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti, �eayaṃ dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā�f ti yathābhūtaṃ pajānāti.

Here, monks, a monk understands properly as it is, "This is suffering"; he understands properly as it is, "This is the arising of suffering"; he understands properly as it is, "This is the cessation of suffering"; he understands properly as it is, "This is the path leading to the cessation of suffering."

Dukkhasaccaniddeso

Exposition of the Truth of Suffering

Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ?

And what, monks, is the Noble Truth of Suffering?

Jāti pi dukkhā, jarā pi dukkhā, (byādhi pi dukkhā,)24 maraṇaṃ pi dukkhaṃ, sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsā pi dukkhā, appiyehi sampayogo pi dukkho, piyehi vippayogo pi dukkho, yampicchaṃ na labhati taṃ pi dukkhaṃ, saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā.

Birth is suffering, old age is suffering, (sickness is suffering),24 death is suffering, sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief and distress are suffering, the association with something that one does not like is suffering, the disassociation with something that one does like is suffering, not to get what one desires is suffering; in short, the clinging to the five aggregates is suffering.

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jāti? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jāti sañjāti okkanti abhinibbatti khandhānaṃ pātubhāvo āyatanānaṃ paṭilābho, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jāti.

And what, monks, is birth? If there is birth for all kinds of beings in whatever kind of existence, their conception, their being born, their becoming, the coming into manifestation of their aggregates, the acquisition of their sense faculties - this, monks, is called birth.

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, jarā? Yā tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhi tamhi sattanikāye jarā jīraṇatā khaṇḍiccaṃ pāliccaṃ valittacatā āyuno saṃhāni indriyānaṃ paripāko, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, jarā.

And what, monks, is old age? If there is old age for all kinds of beings in whatever kind of existence, their getting frail and decrepit, the breaking [of their teeth], their becoming grey and wrinkled, the running down of their life span, the deterioration of their sense faculties - this, monks, is called old age.

Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ? Yaṃ tesaṃ tesaṃ sattānaṃ tamhā tamhā sattanikāyā cuti cavanatā bhedo antaradhānaṃ maccu maraṇaṃ kālakiriyā khandhānaṃ bhedo kaḷevarassa nikkhepo jīvitindriyassupacchedo, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, maraṇaṃ.

And what, monks, is death? If there is vanishing and passing away for all kinds of beings in whatever kind of existence, their disintegration, their disappearance, their dying, their death, the completion of their life span, the dissolution of the aggregates, the discarding of the body, the destruction of their vitality - this, monks, is called death.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, soko? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa soko socanā socitattaṃ antosoko antoparisoko, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, soko.

And what, monks, is sorrow? Whenever one, monks, is affected by various kinds of loss and misfortune, that are followed by this or that kind of painful state of mind, by sorrow, by mourning, by sorrowfulness, by inward grief, and by deep inward woe - this, monks, is called sorrow.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, paridevo? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa ādevo paridevo ādevanā paridevanā ādevitattaṃ paridevitattaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, paridevo.

And what, monks, is lamentation? Whenever one, monks, is affected by various kinds of loss and misfortune, that are followed by this or that kind of painful state of mind, by wailing and crying, by lamentation, by deep wailing, by deep lamentation, by the state of deep wailing and deep lamentation - this, monks, is called lamentation.

Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ?25 Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, kāyikaṃ dukkhaṃ kāyikaṃ asātaṃ kāyasamphassajaṃ dukkhaṃ asātaṃ vedayitaṃ, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ.

And what, monks, is pain?25 If there is, monks, any kind of bodily pain, any kind of bodily unpleasantness or any kind of painful or unpleasant sensation as a result of bodily contact - this, monks, is called pain.

Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave, domanassaṃ?25 Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, cetasikaṃ dukkhaṃ cetasikaṃ asātaṃ manosamphassajaṃ dukkhaṃ asātaṃ vedayitaṃ, idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, domanassaṃ.

And what, monks, is grief?25 If there is, monks, any kind of mental pain, any kind of mental unpleasantness or any kind of painful or unpleasant sensation as a result of mental contact - this, monks, is called grief.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, upāyāso? Yo kho, bhikkhave, aññataraññatarena byasanena samannāgatassa aññataraññatarena dukkhadhammena phuṭṭhassa āyāso upāyāso āyāsitattaṃ upāyāsitattaṃ, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, upāyāso.

And what, monks, is distress? Whenever one, monks, is affected by various kinds of loss and misfortune, that are followed by this or that kind of painful state of mind, by tribulation, by distress, affliction with distress and affliction with great distress - this, monks, is called distress.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho? Idha yassa te honti aniṭṭhā akantā amanāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā, ye vā panassa te honti anatthakāmā ahitakāmā aphāsukakāmā ayogakkhemakāmā, yā tehi saddhiṃ saṅgati samāgamo samodhānaṃ missībhāvo, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, appiyehi sampayogo dukkho.

And what, monks, is the suffering of being associated with what one does not like? Wherever and whenever one finds unpleasant, disagreeable or disliked objects of sight, sound, smell, taste, touch or of the mind, or, whenever and wherever one finds that there are wishers of one�fs own misfortune, harm, difficulties or of one�fs own insecurity; if one gets associated, one meets, one comes into contact or gets combined with them - this, monks, is called the suffering of being associated with what one does not like.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho? Idha yassa te honti iṭṭhā kantā manāpā rūpā saddā gandhā rasā phoṭṭhabbā dhammā, ye vā panassa te honti atthakāmā hitakāmā phāsukakāmā yogakkhemakāmā mātā vā pitā vā bhātā vā bhaginī vā mittā vā amaccā vā ñātisālohitā vā, yā tehi saddhiṃ asaṅgati asamāgamo asamodhānaṃ amissībhāvo, ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, piyehi vippayogo dukkho.

And what, monks, is the suffering of being disassociated with what one does like? Wherever and whenever one finds pleasant, agreeable or liked objects of sight, sound, smell, taste, touch or of the mind, or, whenever and wherever one finds that there are wishers of one�fs own fortune, prosperity, comfort or of one�fs own security, like mother and father, like brother and sister, like friends and colleagues or relatives; if one gets disassociated, one does not meet, one does not come into contact or does not get combined with them - this, monks, is called the suffering of being disassociated with what one does like.

Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave, yampicchaṃ na labhati taṃ pi dukkhaṃ? Jātidhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati: �eaho vata mayaṃ na jātidhammā assāma na ca vata no jāti āgaccheyyā�f ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ. Idaṃ pi yampicchaṃ na labhati taṃ pi dukkhaṃ.

And what, monks, is not getting what one desires? In beings, monks, who are subject to birth the desire arises: "Oh, truly, that we were not subject to birth! Oh, truly, may there be no new birth for us!" But this cannot be obtained by mere desire; and not to get what one wants is suffering.

Jarādhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati: �eaho vata mayaṃ na jarādhammā assāma, na ca vata no jarā āgaccheyyā�f ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ. Idaṃ pi yampicchaṃ na labhati taṃ pi dukkhaṃ.

In beings, monks, who are subject to old age the desire arises: "Oh, truly, that we were not subject to old age! Oh, truly, may we not be subject to old age!" But this cannot be obtained by mere desire; and not to get what one wants is suffering.

Byādhidhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati: �eaho vata mayaṃ na byādhidhammā assāma, na ca vata no byādhi āgaccheyyā�f ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ. Idaṃ pi yampicchaṃ na labhati taṃ pi dukkhaṃ.

In beings, monks, who are subject to sickness the desire arises: "Oh, truly, that we were not subject to sickness! Oh, truly, may there be no sickness for us!" But this cannot be obtained by mere desire; and not to get what one wants is suffering.

Maraṇadhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati: �eaho vata mayaṃ na maraṇadhammā assāma, na ca vata no maraṇaṃ āgaccheyyā�f ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ. Idaṃ pi yampicchaṃ na labhati taṃ pi dukkhaṃ.

In beings, monks, who are subject to death the desire arises: "Oh, truly, that we were not subject to death! Oh, truly, may we never have to die!" But this cannot be obtained by mere desire; and not to get what one wants is suffering.

Sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammānaṃ, bhikkhave, sattānaṃ evaṃ icchā uppajjati: �eaho vata mayaṃ na sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammā assāma, na ca vata no sokaparidevadukkhadomanassupāyāsadhammā āgaccheyyuṃ�f ti. Na kho panetaṃ icchāya pattabbaṃ. Idaṃ pi yampicchaṃ na labhati taṃ pi dukkhaṃ.

In beings, monks, who are subject to sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief and distress the desire arises: "Oh, truly, that we were not subject to sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief and distress! Oh, truly, may we not suffer from sorrow, lamentation, pain, grief and distress!" But this cannot be obtained by mere desire; and not to get what one wants is suffering.

Katame ca, bhikkhave, saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā? Seyyathidaṃ - rūpupādānakkhandho vedanupādānakkhandho saññupādānakkhandho saṅkhārupādānakkhandho viññāṇupādānakkhandho. Ime vuccanti, bhikkhave, saṅkhittena pañcupādānakkhandhā dukkhā.

And how, monks, in short, is clinging to the five aggregates suffering? It is as follows - clinging to the aggregate of matter is suffering, clinging to the aggregate of sensation is suffering, clinging to the aggregate of perception is suffering, clinging to the aggregate of reaction is suffering, clinging to the aggregate of consciousness is suffering. This, monks, in short, is called suffering because of clinging to these five aggregates.

Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ.

This, monks, is the Noble Truth of Suffering.

Samudayasaccaniddeso

Exposition of the Truth of the Arising of Suffering

Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave, dukkhasamudayaṃ ariyasaccaṃ?

And what, monks, is the Noble Truth of the Arising of Suffering?

Yāyaṃ taṇhā ponobbhavikā nandīrāgasahagatā tatratatrābhinandinī, seyyathidaṃ, kāmataṇhā bhavataṇhā vibhavataṇhā.

It is this craving that occurs again and again and is bound up with pleasure and lust and finds delight now here, now there. That is, the craving for sensual pleasures, the craving for repeated rebirth and the craving for annihilation.

Sā kho panesā, bhikkhave, taṇhā kattha uppajjamānā uppajjati, kattha nivisamānā nivisati?

But where does this craving, monks, arise and where does it get established?

Yaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

Wherever in the world [of mind and matter] there is something enticing and pleasurable, there this craving arises and gets established.

Kiñca loke26 piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ? Cakkhu loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Sotaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Ghānaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Jivhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Kayo loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Mano loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

But what in the world26 [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable? The eye in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The ear �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The nose �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The tongue �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The body �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The mind in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established.

Rūpā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Saddā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Gandhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Rasā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Phoṭṭhabbā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Dhammā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

Visible objects, material forms in the world [of mind and matter], are enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. Sounds �c are enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. Smells �c are enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. Tastes �c are enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. Touch �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The contents of the mind in the world [of mind and matter] are enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established.

Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Sotaviññāṇaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Ghānaviññāṇaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Jivhāviññāṇaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Kāyaviññāṇaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Manoviññāṇaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

The eye consciousness in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The ear consciousness �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The nose consciousness �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The tongue consciousness �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The body consciousness �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The mind consciousness in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established.

Cakkhusamphasso loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Sotasamphasso loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Ghānasamphasso loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Jivhāsamphasso loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Kāyasamphasso loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Manosamphasso loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

The eye contact in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The ear-contact �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The nose-contact �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The tongue-contact �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The body-contact �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The mind-contact in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established.

Cakkhusamphassajā vedanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Sotasamphassajā vedanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Ghānasamphassajā vedanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Jivhāsamphassajā vedanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Kāyasamphassajā vedanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Manosamphassajā vedanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

The sensation arising from the eye-contact in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The sensation arising from the ear-contact �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The sensation arising from the nose-contact �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The sensation arising from the tongue-contact �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The sensation arising from the body-contact �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The sensation arising from the mind-contact in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established.

Rūpasaññā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Saddasaññā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Gandhasaññā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Rasasaññā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Phoṭṭhabbasaññā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Dhammasaññā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

The perception of visible objects, of material forms, in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The perception of sounds �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The perception of smells �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The perception of tastes �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The perception of touch �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The perception of mental contents in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established.

Rūpasañcetanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Saddasañcetanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Gandhasañcetanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Rasasañcetanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Phoṭṭhabbasañcetanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Dhammasañcetanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

The mental reaction to visible objects in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The mental reaction to sounds �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The mental reaction to smells �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The mental reaction to tastes �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The mental reaction to touch �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The mental reaction to mind objects, mental contents in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established.

Rūpataṇhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Saddataṇhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Gandhataṇhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Rasataṇhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Phoṭṭhabbataṇhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Dhammataṇhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

The craving after visible objects in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The craving after sounds �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The craving after smells �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The craving after tastes �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The craving after touch �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The craving after mind objects, mental contents in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established.

Rūpavitakko27 loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Saddavitakko loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Gandhavitakko loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Rasavitakko loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Phoṭṭhabbavitakko loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Dhammavitakko loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

The thought conception27 of visible objects in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The thought conception of sounds �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The thought conception of smells �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The thought conception of tastes �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The thought conception of touch �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The thought conception of mind objects, mental contents in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established.

Rūpavicāro loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Saddavicāro loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Gandhavicāro loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Rasavicāro loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Phoṭṭhabbavicāro loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati. Dhammavicāro loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā uppajjamānā uppajjati, ettha nivisamānā nivisati.

The rolling in thoughts of visible objects in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The rolling in thoughts of sounds �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The rolling in thoughts of smells �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The rolling in thoughts of tastes �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The rolling in thoughts of touch �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established. The rolling in thoughts of mind objects, mental contents in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving arises and gets established.

Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhasamudayaṃ ariyasaccaṃ.

This, monks, is the Noble Truth of the Arising of Suffering.

Nirodhasaccaniddeso

Exposition of the Truth of the Cessation of Suffering

Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ?

And what, monks, is the Noble Truth of the Cessation of Suffering?

Yo tassāyeva taṇhāya asesavirāganirodho cāgo paṭinissaggo mutti anālayo. Sā kho panesā, bhikkhave, taṇhā kattha pahīyamānā pahīyati, kattha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati? Yaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.

It is the complete fading away and cessation of this very craving, forsaking it and giving it up; the liberation from it, leaving no place for it. But where may this craving, monks, be eradicated; where may it be extinguished? Wherever in the world [of mind and matter] there is something enticing and pleasurable: there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished.

Kiñca loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ? Cakkhu loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Sotaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Ghānaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Jivhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Kāyo loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Mano loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.

But what in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable? The eye in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The ear �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The nose �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The tongue �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The body �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The mind in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished.

Rūpā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Saddā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Gandhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Rasā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Phoṭṭhabbā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Dhammā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.

The objects of sight, the material forms in the world [of mind and matter], are enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The sounds �c are enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The smells �c are enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The tastes �c are enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. Touch �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The contents of the mind in the world [of mind and matter] are enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished.

Cakkhuviññāṇaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Sotaviññāṇaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Ghānaviññāṇaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Jivhāviññāṇaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Kāyaviññāṇaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Manoviññāṇaṃ loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.

The eye-consciousness in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The ear-consciousness �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The nose-consciousness �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The tongue-consciousness �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The body-consciousness �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The mind-consciousness in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished.

Cakkhusamphasso loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Sotasamphasso loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Ghānasamphasso loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Jivhāsamphasso loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Kāyasamphasso loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Manosamphasso loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.

The eye-contact in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The ear-contact �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The nose-contact �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The tongue-contact �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The body-contact �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The mind-contact in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished.

Cakkhusamphassajā vedanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Sotasamphassajā vedanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Ghānasamphassajā vedanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Jivhāsamphassajā vedanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Kāyasamphassajā vedanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Manosamphassajā vedanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.

The sensation that arises from the eye contact in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The sensation that arises from the ear contact �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The sensation that arises from the nose contact �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The sensation that arises from the tongue contact �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The sensation that arises from the body contact �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The sensation that arises from the mind contact in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished.

Rūpasaññā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Saddasaññā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Gandhasaññā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Rasasaññā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Phoṭṭhabbasaññā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Dhammasaññā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.

The perception of visible objects in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The perception of sounds �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The perception of smells �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The perception of tastes �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The perception of touch �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The perception of mental contents in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished.

Rūpasañcetanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Saddasañcetanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Gandhasañcetanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Rasasañcetanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Phoṭṭhabbasañcetanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Dhammasañcetanā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.

The mental reaction towards visible objects in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The mental reaction towards sounds �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The mental reaction towards smells �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The mental reaction towards tastes �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The mental reaction towards touch �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The mental reaction towards mental contents in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished.

Rūpataṇhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Saddataṇhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Gandhataṇhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Rasataṇhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Phoṭṭhabbataṇhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Dhammataṇhā loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.

The craving after visible objects in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The craving after sounds �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The craving after smells �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The craving after tastes �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The craving after touch �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The craving after mental contents in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished.

Rūpavitakko loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Saddavitakko loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Gandhavitakko loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Rasavitakko loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Phoṭṭhabbavitakko loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Dhammavitakko loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.

The thought conception of visible objects in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The thought conception of sounds �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The thought conception of smells �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The thought conception of tastes �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The thought conception of touch �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The thought conception of mental contents in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished.

Rūpavicāro loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Saddavicāro loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Gandhavicāro loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Rasavicāro loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Phoṭṭhabbavicāro loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati. Dhammavicāro loke piyarūpaṃ sātarūpaṃ, etthesā taṇhā pahīyamānā pahīyati, ettha nirujjhamānā nirujjhati.

The rolling in thoughts of visible objects in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The rolling in thoughts of sounds �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The rolling in thoughts of smells �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The rolling in thoughts of tastes �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The rolling in thoughts of touch �c is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished. The rolling in thoughts of mental contents in the world [of mind and matter] is enticing and pleasurable; there this craving may be eradicated and extinguished.

Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhaṃ ariyasaccaṃ.

This, monks, is the Noble Truth of the Cessation of Suffering.

Maggasaccaniddeso

Exposition of the Truth of the Path

Katamaṃ ca, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ? Ayameva ariyo aṭṭhaṅgiko maggo, seyyathidaṃ, sammādiṭṭhi, sammāsaṅkappo, sammāvācā, sammākammanto, sammā-ājīvo, sammāvāyāmo, sammāsati, sammāsamādhi.

And what, monks, is the Noble Truth of the Path Leading to the Cessation of Suffering? It is this, the Noble Eightfold Path, namely: right understanding, right thought, right speech, right action, right livelihood, right effort, right awareness and right concentration.

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi? Yaṃ kho, bhikkhave, dukkhe ñāṇaṃ, dukkhasamudaye ñāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhe ñāṇaṃ, dukkhanirodhagāminiyā paṭipadāya ñāṇaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammādiṭṭhi.

And what, monks, is Right Understanding? It is this, monks: the knowledge of suffering, the knowledge of the arising of suffering, the knowledge of the cessation of suffering, the knowledge of the path leading to the cessation of suffering. This, monks, is called Right Understanding.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāsaṅkappo? Nekkhammasaṅkappo, abyāpādasaṅkappo, avihiṃsāsaṅkappo. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāsaṅkappo.

And what, monks, is Right Thought? Thoughts of renunciation, thoughts that are free from aversion and thoughts that are free from violence. This, monks, is called Right Thought.

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sammāvācā? Musāvādā veramaṇī, pisuṇāya vācāya veramaṇī, pharusāya vācāya veramaṇī, samphappalāpā veramaṇī. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāvācā.

And what, monks, is Right Speech? Abstaining from lying, abstaining from slander and backbiting, abstaining from harsh words and abstaining from frivolous talk. This, monks, is called Right Speech.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammākammanto? Pāṇātipātā veramaṇī, adinnādānā veramaṇī, kāmesumicchācārā veramaṇī. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammākammanto.

And what, monks, is Right Action? Abstaining from killing, abstaining from taking what has not been given and abstaining from sexual misconduct. This, monks, is called Right Action.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammā-ājīvo? Idha, bhikkhave, ariyasāvako micchā-ājīvaṃ pahāya sammā-ājīvena jīvitaṃ kappeti. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammā-ājīvo.

And what, monks, is Right Livelihood? Here, monks, a noble disciple having given up wrong ways of livelihood earns his livelihood by right means. This, monks, is called Right Livelihood.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāvāyāmo? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu anuppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ anuppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati; uppannānaṃ pāpakānaṃ akusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ pahānāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati; anuppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ uppādāya chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati; uppannānaṃ kusalānaṃ dhammānaṃ ṭhitiyā asammosāya bhiyyobhāvāya vepullāya bhāvanāya pāripūriyā chandaṃ janeti vāyamati vīriyaṃ ārabhati cittaṃ paggaṇhāti padahati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāvāyāmo.

And what, monks, is Right Effort? Here, monks, a monk generates the will to prevent the arising of unarisen evil unwholesome mental states; he makes strong effort, stirs up his energy, applies his mind to it and strives. To eradicate those evil unwholesome mental states that have arisen in him, he generates the will, makes strong effort, stirs up his energy, applies his mind to it and strives. To develop wholesome mental states that have not yet arisen in him, he generates will, makes strong effort, stirs up his energy, applies his mind to it and strives. To maintain wholesome mental states that have arisen in him, not to let them fade away, to multiply them and bring them to full maturity and to full development, he generates will, makes strong effort, stirs up his energy, applies his mind to it and strives. This, monks, is called Right Effort.

Katamā ca, bhikkhave, sammāsati? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ, vedanāsu vedanānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ, citte cittānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ, dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāsati.

And what, monks, is Right Awareness? Here, monks, a monk dwells ardent with awareness and constant thorough understanding of impermanence, observing body in body, having removed craving and aversion towards the world [of mind and matter]; he dwells ardent with awareness and constant thorough understanding of impermanence, observing sensations in sensations, having removed craving and aversion towards the world [of mind and matter]; he dwells ardent with awareness and constant thorough understanding of impermanence, observing mind in mind, having removed craving and aversion towards the world [of mind and matter]; he dwells ardent with awareness and constant thorough understanding of impermanence, observing mental contents in mental contents, having removed craving and aversion towards the world [of mind and matter]. This, monks, is called Right Awareness.

Katamo ca, bhikkhave, sammāsamādhi? Idha, bhikkhave, bhikkhu vivicceva kāmehi vivicca akusalehi dhammehi savitakkaṃ savicāraṃ27 vivekajaṃ pītisukhaṃ paṭhamaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, vitakkavicārānaṃ vūpasamā ajjhattaṃ sampasādanaṃ cetaso ekodibhāvaṃ avitakkaṃ avicāraṃ samādhijaṃ pītisukhaṃ dutiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, pītiyā ca virāgā upekkhako ca viharati sato ca sampajāno sukhaṃ ca kāyena paṭisaṃvedeti yaṃ taṃ ariyā ācikkhanti: �eupekkhako satimā sukhavihārī�f ti tatiyaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati, sukhassa ca pahānā dukkhassa ca pahānā pubbeva somanassadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamā adukkhamasukhaṃ upekkhāsatipārisuddhiṃ catutthaṃ jhānaṃ upasampajja viharati. Ayaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, sammāsamādhi.

And what, monks, is right concentration? Here monks, a monk, detached from craving, detached from unwholesome mental states, enters into the first absorption, born of detachment, accompanied by initial and sustained application of the mind27 and filled with rapture and bliss and he dwells therein. With the subsiding of initial and sustained application of the mind and gaining inner tranquillity and oneness of mind he enters into the second absorption, born of concentration, free from initial and sustained application of the mind, filled with rapture and bliss and he dwells therein. After the fading away of rapture he dwells in equanimity, aware with constant thorough understanding of impermanence, and he experiences in his body the bliss of which the noble ones say: "That bliss is experienced by one with equanimity and awareness." Thus he enters the third absorption and dwells therein. After the eradication of pleasure and pain and with joy and grief having previously passed away, he enters into a state beyond pleasure and pain, the fourth absorption, that is totally purified by equanimity and awareness and he dwells therein. This, monks, is called Right Concentration.

Idaṃ vuccati, bhikkhave, dukkhanirodhagāminī paṭipadā ariyasaccaṃ.

This, monks, is the Noble Truth of the Path leading to the Cessation of Suffering.

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā dhammesu viharati, �eatthi dhammā�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu dhammesu dhammānupassī viharati catūsu ariyasaccesu.

Thus he dwells observing mental contents in mental contents internally, or he dwells observing mental contents in mental contents externally, or he dwells observing mental contents in mental contents both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the mental contents, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the mental contents, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the mental contents. Now his awareness is established: "These are mental contents!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing mental contents in mental contents as regards the Four Noble Truths.

6. Satipaṭṭhānabhāvanānisaṃso

6. The Results of the Establishing of Awareness

Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṃ28 bhāveyya sattavassāni, tassa dvinnaṃ phalānaṃ aññataraṃ phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ: diṭṭheva dhamme aññā,29 sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā.30

Indeed, monks, whoever practises this fourfold establishing of awareness in this manner28 for seven years, he may expect one of two results: in this very life highest wisdom29 or, if a substratum of aggregates remains, the stage of non-returner.30

Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, sattavassāni. Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṃ bhāveyya cha vassāni, tassa dvinnaṃ phalānaṃ aññataraṃ phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ: diṭṭheva dhamme aññā, sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā.

Let alone seven years, monks. Should any person practise this fourfold establishing of awareness in this manner for six years, one of two results may be expected in him: in this very life highest wisdom or, if a substratum of aggregates remains, the stage of non-returner.

Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, cha vassāni...pe.

Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, pañca vassāni...pe.

Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, cattāri vassāni...pe.

Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, tīṇi vassāni...pe.

Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, dve vassāni..pe.

Tiṭṭhatu, bhikkhave, ekaṃ vassaṃ. Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṃ bhāveyya sattamāsāni, tassa dvinnaṃ phalānaṃ aññataraṃ phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ: diṭṭheva dhamme aññā, sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā.

Let alone six years, monks...

Let alone five years, monks...

Let alone four years, monks...

Let alone three years, monks...

Let alone two years, monks...

Let alone one year, monks. Should any person practise this fourfold establishing of awareness in this manner for seven months, one of two results may be expected in him: in this very life highest wisdom or, if a substratum of aggregates remains, the stage of non-returner.

Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, satta māsāni...pe.

Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, cha māsāni...pe.

Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, pañca māsāni...pe.

Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, cattāri māsāni...pe.

Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, tīṇi māsāni...pe.

Tiṭṭhantu, bhikkhave, dve māsāni...pe.

Tiṭṭhatu, bhikkhave, ekaṃ māsaṃ...pe.

Tiṭṭhatu, bhikkhave, aḍḍhamāsaṃ...pe.

Tiṭṭhatu, bhikkhave, aḍḍhamāso. Yo hi koci, bhikkhave, ime cattāro satipaṭṭhāne evaṃ bhāveyya sattāhaṃ, tassa dvinnaṃ phalānaṃ aññataraṃ phalaṃ pāṭikaṅkhaṃ: diṭṭheva dhamme aññā, sati vā upādisese anāgāmitā.

Let alone seven months, monks...

Let alone six months, monks...

Let alone five months, monks...

Let alone four months, monks...

Let alone three months, monks...

Let alone two months, monks...

Let alone one month, monks...

Let alone half a month, monks...

Let alone half a month, monks. Should any person practise this fourfold establishing of awareness in this manner for seven days, one of two results may be expected in him: in this very life highest wisdom or, if a substratum of aggregates remains, the stage of non-returner.

�eEkāyano ayaṃ, bhikkhave, maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā, sokaparidevānaṃ samatikkamāya, dukkhadomanassānaṃ atthaṅgamāya, ñāyassa adhigamāya, nibbānassa sacchikiriyāya yadidaṃ cattāro satipaṭṭhānā�f ti. Iti yaṃ taṃ vuttaṃ, idametaṃ paṭicca vuttaṃ ti.

It is for this reason that it was said: "This is the one and only way, monks, for the purification of beings, for the overcoming of sorrow and lamentation, for the extinguishing of suffering and grief, for walking on the path of truth, for the realisation of nibbāna: that is to say, the fourfold establishing of awareness."

Idamavoca bhagavā. Attamanā te bhikkhū bhagavato bhāsitaṃ abhinanduṃ ti

Thus the Enlightened One spoke. Glad in heart, the monks welcomed the words of the Enlightened One.

Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna-suttaṃ niṭṭhitaṃ.

The End of the Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta

 

 

Notes

N.B.( nota bene) For clarity, the footnoted passage will be indicated in the notes by Pāli in italics followed immediately by the English translation in square brackets, e.g. sati [awareness]. Other Pāli words used in the notes will be followed by their equivalent terms in parentheses() where appropriate, e.g. anicca (impermanence).

1. The word bhikkhū [monks] was used to address all the people who listened to the discourses given by the Buddha. Thus every meditator, everyone who is walking on the path of Dhamma, though not literally a bhikkhu, can benefit by following the instructions given here.

2. Satipaṭṭhāna [establishing of awareness] Sati means "awareness." Satipaṭṭhāna implies that the meditator has to work diligently and constantly to become firmly established in awareness or mindfulness. Therefore we have used "the establishing of awareness," to convey the sense that one actively strives to maintain continuous awareness of mind and body at the level of sensations, as will become clear from the rest of the discourse.

There are certain passages in the Buddha�fs discourses where sati has the meaning of "memory." (Dīgha-nikāya: VRI I. 411; II. 374; PTS I. 180; II. 292). This is especially true when he refers to the special ability of remembering past lives which is developed by means of the practice of the jhānas (deep absorption concentration). But in the context of Satipaṭṭhāna, the practice of Vipassana, leading not to the jhānas but to purification of mind, sati can only be understood to mean awareness of the present moment rather than a memory of the past (or a dream of the future).

3. The Buddha always included the term sampajañña [constant thorough understanding of impermanence] or sampajāno (the adjective form of sampajañña) whenever he was asked to explain sati (awareness). (See, for example, the definition of sammāsati in the Chapter on the Four Noble Truths: Truth of the Path.) As a result of the frequent association of these words, sampajañña has often been defined as nearly synonymous with sati - as "full awareness," or "clear comprehension" - or as an exhortation to remain mindful. Another traditional translation of sampajañña, which is closer to the full meaning is "thorough understanding."

In the Sutta Piṭaka the Buddha gave two explanations of the term. In the Saṃyutta-nikāya (VRI III. 401; PTS V, 180-1) he defines it as follows:

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sampajāno hoti? Idha bhikkhave, bhikkhuno viditā vedanā uppajjanti, viditā upaṭṭhahanti, viditā abbhatthaṃ gacchanti; viditā saññā uppajjanti, viditā upaṭṭhahanti, viditā abbhatthaṃ gacchanti; viditā vitakkā uppajjanti, viditā upaṭṭhahanti, viditā abbhatthaṃ gacchanti. Evaṃ kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sampajāno hoti.

And how, monks, does a monk understand thoroughly? Here, monks, a monk experiences sensations arising in him, experiences their persisting, and experiences their vanishing; he experiences perceptions arising in him, experiences their persisting, and experiences their vanishing; he experiences each initial application of the mind [on an object] arising in him, experiences its persisting, and experiences its vanishing. This, monks, is how a monk understands thoroughly.

In the above statement it is clear that one is sampajāno only when one understands the characteristic of impermanence (arising, persisting and vanishing). This understanding must be based on sensation (viditā vedanā). If the characteristic of impermanence is not experienced at the level of vedanā, then one�fs understanding is merely an intellectualization, since it is only through sensation that direct experience occurs. The statement further indicates that sampajañña lies in the experience of the impermanence of saññā and vitakkā. Here we should note that impermanence understood at the level of vedanā actually covers all three cases since according to the Buddha�fs teaching in the Aṅguttara-nikāya (VRI III. Dasakanipāta, 58; PTS V. 107):

Vedanā-samosaraṇā sabbe dhammā.

Everything that arises in the mind flows together with sensations.

The second explanation of sampajañña given by the Buddha emphasizes that it must be continuous. In several places he repeats the words of the Sampajānapabbaṃ of Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta, as in this passage from the Mahāparinibbāna Sutta (Dīgha-nikāya II: VRI. 160; PTS 95):

Kathañca, bhikkhave, bhikkhu sampajāno hoti? Idha bhikkhave, bhikkhu abhikkante paṭikkante sampajānakārī hoti, ālokite vilokite sampajānakārī hoti, samiñjite pasārite sampajānakārī hoti, saṅghāṭipattacīvaradhāraṇe sampajānakārī hoti, asite pīte khāyite sāyite sampajānakārī hoti, uccārapassāvakamme sampajānakārī hoti, gate ṭhite nisinne sutte jāgarite bhāsite tuṇhībhāve sampajānakārī hoti.

And how, monks, does a monk understand thoroughly? Here, monks, a monk, while going forward or backward, he does so with constant thorough understanding of impermanence; whether he is looking straight ahead or looking sideways, he does so with constant thorough understanding of impermanence; while he is bending or stretching, he does so with constant thorough understanding of impermanence; whether wearing his robes or carrying his bowl, he does so with constant thorough understanding of impermanence; whether he is eating, drinking, chewing or savouring, he does so with constant thorough understanding of impermanence; while attending to the calls of nature, he does so with constant thorough understanding of impermanence; whether he is walking, standing, sitting, sleeping or waking, speaking or in silence, he does so with constant thorough understanding of impermanence.

With proper understanding of the teaching of the Buddha, it becomes clear that if this continuous sampajañña consists only of the thorough understanding of the external processes of walking, eating, and other activities of the body, then what is being practised is merely sati. If, however, the constant thorough understanding includes the characteristic of the arising and passing away of vedanā while the meditator is performing these activities, then sampajāno satimā is being practised, paññā (wisdom) is being developed.

The Buddha describes this more specifically in this passage from the Aṅguttara-nikāya (VRI I. Catukkanipāta, 12; PTS II 15) in words reminiscent of Sampajānapabbaṃ:

Yataṃ care yataṃ tiṭṭhe, yataṃ acche yataṃ saye
yata
ṃ samiñjaye bhikkhu, yatamenaṃ pasāraye
uddha
ṃ tiriyaṃ apācīnaṃ, yāvatā jagato gati,
samavekkhitā ca dhammāna
ṃ, khandhānaṃ udayabbayaṃ.

Whether the monk walks or stands or sits or lies,
whether he bends or stretches, above, across, backwards,
whatever his course in the world,
he observes the arising and passing away of the aggregates.

The Buddha clearly emphasized the thorough understanding of anicca (impermanence) in all bodily and mental activities. Therefore, since the proper understanding of this technical term, sampajañña, is so critical for an understanding of this sutta, we have translated it as "the constant thorough understanding of impermanence," even though this definition is less concise than the traditional "thorough understanding."

4. In this introductory paragraph the Buddha repeats a basic verbal formula reminding us that we must continuously observe "body in body," or "sensations in sensations," or "mind in mind," or "mental contents in mental contents." Though these verbal constructs may seem unusual, they refer to the fact that this observation has to be directly experiential rather than dealing only with thought, imagination or contemplation of the object.

The Buddha emphasizes this point in the Ānāpānasati Sutta (Mājjhima-nikāya III: VRI. 149; PTS 83-4), where he describes the progressive stages of the practice of ānāpāna meditation. In the section where he explains how the four satipaṭṭhānā are brought to perfection by ānāpāna he says:

...kāyesu kāyaññatarāhaṃ, bhikkhave, evaṃ vadāmi yadidaṃ assāsapassāsā. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, kāye kāyānupassī tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ.

...Monks, when I say, �einhalation-exhalation,�f it is like another body in the body. Observing body in body in this way, monks, at that time a monk dwells ardent(”M—ó‚É) with awareness and constant thorough understanding of impermanence, having removed craving and aversion towards this world [of mind and matter].

This indicates that practising ānāpāna meditation leads directly to experiencing the body, which means feeling sensations in the body. The sensations may be related to the breath, the oxygen flowing in the blood, etc. but those details are not important. The body-in-body experience is not imagined or contemplated but felt throughout the body. More specifically, he continues:

...vedanāsu vedanāññatarāhaṃ, bhikkhave, evaṃ vadāmi yadidaṃ assāsapassāsānaṃ sādhukaṃ manasikāraṃ. Tasmātiha, bhikkhave, vedanāsu vedanānupassī tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ.

...monks, when I say, �eby proper attention to inhalation-exhalation,�f it is like other sensations in the sensations. Observing sensations in sensations in this way, monks, at that time a monk dwells ardent with awareness and constant thorough understanding of impermanence, having removed craving and aversion towards this world [of mind and matter].

By equating the observation of the breath with experiencing sensations the Buddha is pointing to the critical importance of the body and the sensations in proper practice of meditation. It is the awareness of these sensations by direct experience throughout the body, while maintaining equanimity with the understanding of impermanence, that perfects the four satipaṭṭhānas.

It is instructive that in Ānāpānasati Sutta he describes the experience of body-in-body and sensations-in-sensations as one observes the breath but when he turns to the observation of mind he does not continue with the same verbal formula. Instead, he again directs our attention to the importance of sampajañña:

...citte cittānupassī, bhikkhave, tasmiṃ samaye bhikkhu viharati ātāpī sampajāno satimā vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ. Nāhaṃ, bhikkhave, muṭṭhassatissa asampajānassa ānāpānassatiṃ vadāmi.

...observing mind in mind, monks, at that time a monk dwells ardent with awareness and constant thorough understanding of impermanence, having removed craving and aversion towards this world [of mind and matter]. I say, monks, one who is inattentive, who is not constantly aware of impermanence, he is not one doing ānāpāna.

Beginning with ānāpāna as a starting point the practice described has led directly to Vipassana, i.e., to the practice of the four satipaṭṭhānas. And here we see how emphatically the Buddha states that, even while observing the mind, one is not practising properly unless there is awareness of impermanence with the direct experience of the sensations.

5. Pajānāti [understands properly] means, "to understand, to know deeply or intently with wisdom." It is the result of the intensification of the verb jānāti (he or she knows) by the addition of the prefix pa-, from paññā (wisdom).

6. Iti ajjhattaṃ...kāye kāyānupassī viharati. [Thus he dwells...dwells observing body in body.] This paragraph is repeated twenty-one times throughout the Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta, with variations according to which section of the four satipaṭṭhānas one has reached: body, sensations, mind or mental contents.

In this key paragraph the Buddha describes the common steps in Vipassana that all meditators must pass through no matter what section of the sutta one begins with. In each repetition, this paragraph focuses our attention on the essential fact that, no matter if one is observing body, sensations, mind or mental contents, one must understand the fundamental characteristic of arising and passing away. This understanding of impermanence then leads directly to the total detachment from the world of mind and matter which takes us to nibbāna (liberation).

7. Bahiddhā  [externally] is sometimes translated as "outer things" or "observing another�fs body." In the following section, on the observation of sensations, it has sometimes been taken to mean "feeling the sensations of others." While such an experience is not impossible, it would be practised only at a very high stage of development. According to the sutta, the meditator is asked to sit alone somewhere in a forest, under a tree or in an empty room, and start practising. In such a situation observing others would be meaningless, and the sensations of someone or something else would be of no use. For a meditator, therefore, "externally," meaning the surface of the body, is the most practical definition of bahiddhā.

See also note no. 19.

8. The Pāli atthi kāyo [this is body] indicates that the meditator at this stage clearly understands experientially, at the level of sensations, "body" in its true nature: its characteristic of arising and passing away. Therefore the meditator neither makes any identification of "body" as male or female, young or old, beautiful or ugly, etc., nor has any attachment towards "I," "me," or "mine."

In the other three sections of the sutta, the sensations, mind and mental contents are each identified similarly in their corresponding paragraphs: "This is sensation," "This is mind," "These are mental contents," to indicate the lack of identification of the meditator with the object, and his or her understanding of the object in its true characteristic of anicca (impermanence).

9. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya [Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness.] The mind of the meditator at this stage is absorbed in the wisdom of anicca (the arising and passing away of sensations), with no identification beyond this awareness. With the base of this awareness he develops understanding with his own experience. This is paññā (wisdom). With his awareness thus established in anicca, there is no attraction to the world of mind and matter.

10. This includes the changing of position as well as the four basic postures of the body. Whatever one does, an ardent meditator is always aware with wisdom: yathā yathā vā�ctathā tathā naṃ pajānāti (whatever he does�cthat he understands properly).

11. Sampajānakārī hoti [does so with constant thorough understanding of impermanence] literally means: "He is doing (all the time) sampajañña." It is helpful to follow the progression of the Buddha�fs words in Pāli: he uses "jānāti" (he knows), "pajānāti" (understands properly - intently or deeply with wisdom), and "sampajānāti" (he constantly and thoroughly understands the impermanent nature of his experience). Each word indicates a progressive step, that the meditator takes by following the instructions given in the sutta. Thus he proceeds from simple experience, to understanding based on direct experience, up to thorough and constant understanding of the impermanence, at the level of sensations, of each and every experience.

12. Sāmisa [with attachment] literally means: sa-āmisa (with-flesh); nirāmisa [without attachment]: means nir-āmisa (without-flesh). They can also be rendered as: "impure" and "pure," "material" and "immaterial" or, "sensual" and "nonsensual." A common interpretation is that a sensation which is sāmisa is related to the world of sensual pleasures and a nirāmisa sensation is a sensation related to the higher meditational realms.

In this context, related to the observation of sensations without any reaction of craving or aversion by the meditator, we have used "with attachment" and "without attachment." These terms seem clearest insofar as they relate to the practice.

13. See note no. 7.

14. Citta [mind], in this context, is correctly translated as "mind." The meditator experiences different states of mind and observes them in an objective and detached manner. It might be misleading to translate citta here as "thought."

Citte cittānupassī [mind in mind] refers to the experiential nature of the observation required (see note no. 4).

15. Saṅkhittaṃ [collected] and vikkhittaṃ [scattered] correspond to mental states either scattered because of the pañca nīvaraṇā, the "five hindrances," or collected when the hindrances are not manifesting their respective effects. (See the following Section 5A, The Hindrances.)

16. Mahaggataṃ cittaṃ [expanded mind] means literally: "mind having become great;" i.e., by the practice and development of the jhānas (the practice of absorption samādhi). It refers to a mind expanded by the practice of these deep samādhis, rather than the stage transcending mind and matter. Amahaggataṃ cittaṃ [unexpanded mind] thus means a mind not having become expanded in this way.

17. Sa-uttaraṃ [surpassable] means: "having something higher than that" or "not superior." This type of mind is still connected with the mundane field. Anuttaraṃ [unsurpassable], correspondingly, is a mind that has reached a very high stage of meditation, where nothing is superior. Therefore "surpassable" and "unsurpassable," though not very precise, seem to be the nearest translations.

18. Samāhitaṃ [concentrated] and asamāhitaṃ [unconcentrated] are related to the type of samādhi (concentration) that one has gained; states of concentration that are called: upacāra (neighbourhood concentration, i.e. approaching a level of absorption) and appanā samādhi (absorption, or attainment, concentration). Asamāhitaṃ cittaṃ therefore describes a mental state without that depth of concentration.

19. Iti ajjhattaṃ...bahiddhā...ajjhattabahiddhā vā citte cittānupassī viharati [Thus he dwells observing mind in mind internally... externally...both internally and externally]. Applied to the mind (and in the next section, the mental contents) this sentence has sometimes been interpreted to mean that the meditator observes his own mind (internally) and the mind of others (externally). This can be done only by a very highly developed meditator, therefore it is not a practical instruction for most people.

In this section the meditator is asked to experience directly the mind in mind (citte cittānupassī). This can be done only by observing whatever arises in the mind. As the body was experienced by means of what arises on the body (i.e., sensation); the mind is experienced only when something arises in the mind (i.e., the mental contents). When the mind is observing the internal objects - its own internal mental states - it is observing the mind in mind internally.

To observe the mind and mental contents externally means to observe experientially that any object which comes in contact with the mind-body through any of the six sense doors (that is, an external stimulus) causes an internal reaction. Any sight, sound, taste, smell, touch or thought results in a sensation and the mind feels it. Of course, internal mental states and sensation resulting from contact with external objects will all mix and flow together.

Therefore, again, we see the importance of the Buddha�fs statement:

Vedanā-samosaraṇā sabbe dhammā.

Everything that arises in the mind flows together with sensations. (Aṅguttara-nikāya: VRI III. Dasakanipāta, 58; PTS V. 107)

Whether the object is internal or external, if the mind remains within the body observing the sensations, then it is directly experiencing the mind and mental contents in a tangible way that easily allows the meditator to experience the impermanent nature of the entire mind-matter phenomenon.

20. Pañca upādānakkhandhā [the five aggregates of clinging] consist of: rūpakkhandha (the material aggregate) connected with kāya (body) and the four nāmakkhandhā (aggregates of mind), which are: viññāṇakkhandha (the aggregate of consciousness);
saññākkhandha (the aggregate of perception);
vedanākkhandha (the aggregate of feeling of sensations on the body)
sa
ṅkhārakkhandha (the aggregate of reaction).

The pañca upādānakkhandhā are aggregates of clinging, or attachment, in two ways. They are the basic objects to which we cling because of our illusion that the five together make up "I," "me." In addition, the continual arising of the aggregates - with the attendant suffering that goes with the cycle of becoming - is due to the clinging toward this illusory "I." Aggregates and clinging always go together, except in the case of an arahant, who has pañca khandhā, the five aggregates, but no clinging towards them; no upādāna (attachment or clinging) is possible for such a person.

21. Here dhamma has to be understood as the law of nature, the nature of the law in its totality. At a superficial level dhammavicaya [investigation of Dhamma] can be understood to mean intellectual investigation of the law. But to become a factor of enlightenment dhammavicaya must become an experiential investigation - direct experience of the phenomenon of arising and passing away at the level of sensations.

22. Pīti [rapture] is difficult to translate into English. It is often translated as: "joy," "delight," "bliss" or "thrill." Each of these words conveys at least partially the meaning of mental and physical pleasantness. For pīti to become a factor of enlightenment it must be experienced in its true nature as ephemeral, arising and passing away. Only then can the meditator avoid the danger of becoming attached to the pleasantness of this stage.

23. As with the previous factor of enlightenment, passaddhi [tranquillity], becomes a factor of enlightenment only when it is experienced as impermanent, anicca - arising and passing away. The danger for the meditator here is that this stage of deep tranquillity might be mistaken for the final goal of nibbāna. This deep illusion (moha) is removed by the experience of anicca as one experiences this tranquillity.

24. In the texts byādhi [sickness] is sometimes included, sometimes omitted.

25. Here it is very clear that the word dukkha [pain’É‚Ý] is related to the body, and domanassa [grief] to the mind. Correspondingly, sukha (bodily pleasure) is related to the body, somanassa (mental pleasure) to the mind and adukkhamasukha (neither painful nor pleasant) as neutral, to both body and mind.

26. The word loke [world] has a wide spectrum of meaning: "universe," "world," "region," "people." In this entire section it is used in connection with everything that one experiences at any of the six senses, and the entire process of the contact between the senses and their respective objects. So in this context loke is to be understood as the "world" of the mind-body phenomenon. Therefore the entire "world" can be directly experienced at the level of the sensations in the body that result from any of these interactions.

27. Vitakko [thought conceptionŽv�l‚Ì”­’[] refers to the initial application of the mind to an object. This is contrasted with vicāro [rolling in thoughtsŽv‚¢‚ɂӂ¯‚邱‚Æ] in the next paragraph, which refers to a sustained application of the mind on an object.

In the later section, dealing with the jhānas (see pp. 72,73), the translation reflects this relationship more directly since the context is one of deep absorption in the object of meditation rather than one where mental impurities are arising.

28. Evaṃ [in this manner‚±‚Ì’Ê‚è‚É], as explained throughout the entire sutta, is ātāpī sampajāno satimā (ardent with awareness of mind and body at the level of sensations and with constant thorough understanding of impermanence). In order to achieve these guaranteed results the continuity should be sampajaññaṃ na riñcati ([the meditator] does not lose the constant thorough understanding of impermanence even for a moment).

29. The final stage of liberation of an arahant.

30. The stage of an anāgāmī [non-returner•sŠÒ] is the third and next-to-last stage of liberation.


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ƒp�[ƒŠŒê

Kaya

B. Iriyāpathapabbaṃ      B. Section on Postures

gacchāmī�@�@�@�@�@�@ I am walking

ṭhitomhī �@�@�@�@�@�@I am standing

nisinnomhī �@�@�@�@�@I am sitting

sayānomhī �@�@�@�@�@I am lying down

tathā tathā naṃ �@�@properly?

 

ālokite �@�@�@looking straight ahead 

vilokite �@�@�@looking sideways

 

kiñci

upādiyati

panassa

paccupaṭṭhitā

 

 

 

Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya

anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati.

 

In this way he dwells detached,

without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter].

 

�eatthi kāyo�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti.

"This is body!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness.

 

B. Iriyāpathapabbaṃ

B. Section on Postures

Puna caparaṃ, bhikkhave, bhikkhu gacchanto vā �egacchāmī�f ti pajānāti, ṭhito vā �eṭhitomhī�f ti pajānāti, nisinno vā �enisinnomhī�f ti pajānāti, sayāno vā �esayānomhī�f ti pajānāti. Yathā yathā vā panassa kāyo paṇihito hoti, tathā tathā naṃ pajānāti.10

Again, monks, a monk while he is walking, understands properly: "I am walking"; while he is standing, he understands properly: "I am standing"; while he is sitting, he understands properly: "I am sitting"; while he is lying down, he understands properly: "I am lying down." In whichever position he disposes his body, he understands it properly.10

Iti ajjhattaṃ vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, bahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, ajjhattabahiddhā vā kāye kāyānupassī viharati, samudayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, vayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, samudayavayadhammānupassī vā kāyasmiṃ viharati, �eatthi kāyo�f ti vā panassa sati paccupaṭṭhitā hoti. Yāvadeva ñāṇamattāya paṭissatimattāya anissito ca viharati, na ca kiñci loke upādiyati. Evaṃ pi kho, bhikkhave, bhikkhu kāye kāyānupassī viharati.

Thus he dwells observing body in body internally, or he dwells observing body in body externally, or he dwells observing body in body both internally and externally. Thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of passing away in the body, thus he dwells observing the phenomenon of arising and passing away in the body. Now his awareness is established: "This is body!" Thus he develops his awareness to such an extent that there is mere understanding along with mere awareness. In this way he dwells detached, without clinging towards anything in the world [of mind and matter]. This is how, monks, a monk dwells observing body in body.

 

C. Sampajānapabbaṃ     C. Section on Constant Thorough Understanding of Impermanence

walking, �@gate

standing, �@ṭhite

sitting, �@nisinne�@     to sit�@nisīdatī

sleeping �@sutte

waking, �@jāgarite

speaking �@bhāsite

in silence �@tuṇhībhāve

 

ajjhattaṃ�@�@ internally

bahiddhā �@�@externally

 

 

 

 

3. Vedanānupassanā      3. The Observation of Sensations

 

sāmisaṃ �@�@with attachment�@�@�@�@“÷�H�@•s�ò�@•s�ƒ

nirāmisaṃ �@without attachment�@�@�Ø�H�@�´�ò�@�ƒ�ˆ

 

4. Cittānupassanā 4. The Observation of Mind

Saṅkhittaṃ [collected]

vikkhittaṃ [scattered]�@�@�@�@5‚‚̓G‚Ì‚½‚ß

Mahaggataṃ cittaṃ [expanded mind] means literally: "mind having become great;" �@�@jhānas

Amahaggataṃ cittaṃ�@ a mind not having become expanded in this way.

Sa-uttaraṃ [surpassable] : "having something higher than that" or "not superior." This type of mind is still connected with the mundane field.

Anuttaraṃ [unsurpassable], correspondingly, is a mind that has nothing is superior.

Samāhitaṃ [concentrated] 

asamāhitaṃ [unconcentrated]

upacāra (neighbourhood concentration, i.e. approaching a level of absorption)

appanā samādhi (absorption, or attainment, concentration).

vimuttaṃ cittaṃ�@�@�@ freed mind 

avimuttaṃ cittaṃ �@�@�@not freed mind

 

 

 

 

 

5. Dhammānupassanā      5. The Observation of Mental Contents

B. Khandhapabbaṃ        B. The Section on the Aggregates

 

samudayo�@�@�@ �@arising

atthaṅgamo�@�@ �@passing away

 

C. Āyatanapabbaṃ        C. The Section on the Sense Spheres

chasu�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@six

yathā            in which manner�@�@�@–{“–‚Ì�«Ž¿�@�@

saṃyojanaṃ 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ŒÜŠ´ŠíН

ŒÜŠ´�M�†

 

 

 

 

 

cakkhuṃ�@–Ú

rūpe�@�@ƒ”ƒBƒWƒ‡ƒ“

 

 

 

 

 

Sotaṃ�@ލ

sadde�@‰¹

 

 

 

 

 

Ghānaṃ •@

gandhe�@��‚è

 

 

 

 

 

Jivhaṃ �ã

rase�@–¡

 

 

 

 

 

Kāyaṃ�@‘ÌŠ´

phoṭṭhabbe�@Š´�G

 

 

 

 

 

Manaṃ�@ˆÓޝ

dhamme�@“à—e

 

 

 

 

 

 

5. Dhammānupassanā      5. The Observation of Mental Contents

 

Samudayasaccaniddeso     Exposition of the Truth of the Arising of Suffering

 

tatratatrābhinandinī   

piyarūpaṃ             ‚»‚»‚Ì‚©‚·�@•°‚«‚‚¯‚é

sātarūpaṃ�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@�@Šì‚΂¹‚é�@‰õŠy‚É�Z‚é�A

 

Yāyaṃ taṇhā ponobbhavikā nandīrāgasahagatā tatratatrābhinandinī, seyyathidaṃ, kāmataṇhā bhavataṇhā vibhavataṇhā.

It is this craving that occurs again and again and is bound up with pleasure and lust and finds delight now here, now there.

That is, the craving for sensual pleasures, the craving for repeated rebirth and the craving for annihilation.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Satipatthana Sutta

The Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta[1][note 1] (Majjhima Nikaya 10: The Discourse on the Establishing of Mindfulness), and the subsequently created Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta[2] (Dīgha Nikāya 22: The Great Discourse on the Establishing of Mindfulness), are two of the most celebrated and widely studied discourses in the Pāli Canon of Theravada Buddhism, acting as the foundation for contemporary vipassana meditational practice. These suttas (discourses) stress the practice of sati (mindfulness) "for the purification of beings, for the overcoming of sorrow and lamentation, for the extinguishing of suffering and grief, for walking on the path of truth, for the realization of nibbāna."[note 2]

 

Dating[edit]

While elements of the Satipathana sutta can be found in the Samyutta Nikaya and the Samyukta Nigama, which belong to the oldest strata of the Buddhist suttas, the elaborate Maha Satipatthana Sutta exists only in the Theravada Digha Nikaya. Bhante Sujato postulates that the sutta was compiled from elements from other suttas as late as 20 BCE.[4]

Title translation and related literature[edit]

satipaṭṭhāna is a compound of sati, mindfulness; and either paṭṭhāna, "foundation," or upaṭṭhāna, "presence." The compound term can be interpreted as sati-paṭṭhāna ("foundation of mindfulness") or sati-upaṭṭhāna, "presence of mindfulness".[5][6][7] According to Anālayo, the analysis of the term as sati-upaṭṭhāna, "presence of mindfulness," is a more etymologically correct derivation as upaṭṭhāna appears both throughout the Pali Canon and in the Sanskrit translation of this sutta; whereas the paṭṭhāna is only found in the Abhidhamma and post-nikaya Pali commentary.[5]

English translations of the title, "Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta," include:

·                "The Arousing of Mindfulness Discourse" (Soma, 1999)

·                "The Foundations of Mindfulness Discourse" (Nyanasatta, 1994)

·                "The Frames of Reference Discourse" (Thanissaro, 1995)

In regard to the prefix "Maha-" in the Pāli title of DN 22, this simply means "great," or "larger" and likely refers to DN 22's expanded section on mindfulness of the Fourth Noble Truths.

Various recensions and canonical placement[edit]

In the Pali Canon, the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta is the tenth discourse in the Majjhima Nikaya (MN 10). In the Pali Text Society (PTS) edition of the Canon, this text begins on the 55th page of the first volume of its three-volume Majjhima Nikaya (M i 55).

As for the Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta, this is the 22nd discourse in the Digha Nikaya (DN 22). In the PTS edition of the Canon, the Mahāsatipaṭṭhāna Sutta begins on the 289th page of the second volume of the PTS' three-volume Digha Nikaya (D ii 289).

In the Chinese Canon, the Nian Chu Jing (”O™|ãS, Smṛtyupasthāna Sūtra), based on a Sarvastivadin source, is found on page 582 of the Taisho Tripitaka Vol. 1, Madhyama Āgama No. 26.[8] Another similar sutra is in the Ekottara Agama (EA 12.1) and it is called the Ekayāna sutra, Direct Path sūtra.[9]

An early Smṛtyupasthāna Sūtra version also survives inside some of the large Prajñāpāramitā sutras (Tibetan and Chinese), one of which has been translated into English by Edward Conze. These passages on mindfulness are treated as the first element in the 37 wings to awakening.[10] According to Bhante Sujato, "This version of the satipaṭṭhāna material displays a refreshing simplicity that may indicate that it lies close to the early sources."[11]

There does exist in Tibetan translation a "Saddharma Smṛtyupasthāna Sūtra" (dam pa'i chos dran pa nye bar bzhag pa'i mdo//dampé chödren panyé barzhak pé do) but this is a very large early Mahayana sutra and is an entirely different text.[12] Bhante Sujato completed an extensive comparative survey of the various recensions of Sutta, entitled A History of Mindfulness.[13]

Later sources[edit]

The Satipaṭṭhāna material, including the various meditation objects and practices, is treated in various later Abhidharma works such as the Theravada Vibhanga and Paṭisambhidāmagga, the Sarvastivada Dharmaskandha, the Jñānapraṣṭhāna, the Śāriputrābhidharma and the Arthaviniscaya Sutra.[14]

In post-canonical Pali commentaries, the classic commentary on the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta (as well as for the entire Majjhima Nikaya) is found in Buddhaghosa's Papañcasudani (Bullitt, 2002; Soma, 2003).

Later works, such as the Abhidharmakośakārikā of Vasubandhu, and Asanga's Yogacarabhumi and Abhidharma-samuccaya, also comment on the four satipatthanas.

Contents[edit]

Contents of the Pali version[edit]

See also: Khandas, Satipatthana, Anapanasati, and Anapanasati Sutta

In the Satipatthana Sutta, Majjhima Nikaya 10, the Buddha identifies four "foundations of mindfulness"[15] or "frames of reference,"[16] on which he contemplates[15] or focusses[16] after leaving behind the wordly life: kāyā (body), vedanā (sensations/feelings aroused by perception), cittā (mind/consciousness), and dhammas (elements of the Buddhist teachings). The sutta then gives an overview of Buddhist practices, under these four headings:

1.  Kāyā (body):

o       mindfulness of breathing, calming the bodily fomations (see also the Anapanasati Sutta);

o       extension of mindfulness to all postures and actions;

o       reflections on the repulsiveness of the body-parts;

o       reflections on the elements which are in the body: earth, water, fire, and air;

o       charnel ground contemplations;

o       in these ways, remaining focussed on the body itself; or clear comprehension of arising and vanishing with regard to the body; or sustained mindfulness of the presence of the body.

2.  Vedanā (sensations/feelings aroused by perception):

o       understanding feelings as pleasant, unpleasant, or neither-pleasant-nor-unpleasant (neutral) feelings;

o       in this way, remaining focussed on feelings in themselves; or clear comprehension of arising and vanishing with regard to feelings; or sustained mindfulness of the presence of feelings.

3.  Cittā (mind/consciousness),[note 3] awareness of the presence and absence of the unwholesome states of the three poisons (lust, hate, delusion); and the presence or absence of the wholesome states related to dhyana:

o       Three poisons:

�˜       lust (sarāgaṃ) or without lust (vītarāgaṃ)

�˜       hate (sadosaṃ) or without hate (vītadosaṃ)

�˜       delusion (samohaṃ) or without delusion (vītamohaṃ)

o       Dhyana-related factors:

�˜       contracted (saṅkhittaṃ) or scattered (vikkhittaṃ)

�˜       lofty (mahaggataṃ) or not lofty (amahaggataṃ)[note 4]

�˜       surpassable (sa-uttaraṃ) or unsurpassed (anuttaraṃ)[note 5]

�˜       quieted (samāhitaṃ) or not quieted (asamāhitaṃ)

�˜       released (vimuttaṃ) or not released (avimuttaṃ)

o       In this way, remaining focussed on the mind itself; or clear comprehension of arising and vanishing with regard to mind; or sustained mindfulness of the presence of mind

4.  Dhammā (elements of the Buddhist teachings):[note 7]

o       the five hindrances: awareness of the presence or absence, arising and abandoning, and no future arising, of sensual desire, ill will, sloth and torpor, restlessness and remorse, and uncertainty;

o       the five skandhas, the aggregates of clinging: the discernment of the existence, the origination, and the disappearance, of form, feeling, perception, formations (mental dispositions), and consciousness;

o       the six sense-bases, and the fetters that arise in dependence on them: discerning the internal sense-media (eye, ear, nose, tongue, body, intellect), the external sense-media (forms, sounds, odours, tangibles), the arising of fetters in dependence on the six-sense bases, the abandonment of the arisen fetters, and the future non-arising of these fetters;

o       the Seven factors of awakening: awareness of the presence or absence, the arising, and the culmination, of sati'(mindfulness), dhamma vicaya (investigation of dhammas), viriya (energy, effort, persistence, determination), pīti (rapture), passaddhi(tranquility, relaxation (of body and mind)), samadhi (clear awareness, concentration), upekkha (equanimity);

o       the Four Noble Truths.

Comparison of the content in other sources[edit]

The Sarvāstivāda Smṛtyupasthāna Sūtra differs in some ways from the Theravada version, including postures as the first contemplation instead of breathing for example. According to Bhante Sujato, it seems to emphasize samatha or calm abiding, while the Theravadin version emphasizes Vipassana or insight.[20] The text also often refers to 'bhikkhus and bhikkhunīs' instead of just male bhikkhus.

A section on Smṛtyupasthāna is found in various Tibetan and Chinese recensions of large Prajñāpāramitā sutras, such as the 25,000 line version translated by Edward Conze. This skeletal version of the Smṛtyupasthāna is incorporated into the larger sutra and thus appears as part of the Buddha's discourse to Subhuti. It only outlines specific practices for the contemplation of the body, the other three satipatthanas are simply enumerated.[21]

Vibhanga

Dharma-skandha

Śāriputr-ābhidharma

Theravāda Mahā-satipatṭhāna Sutta

Sarvāstivāda Smṛtyupasthāna Sūtra

Ekāyana Sūtra

Prajñā-pāramitā

Body (kaya)

Parts of the body

Parts of the body, 6 elements

4 postures, Clear Comprehending, Ānāpānasati, Parts of the body |4 elements, Food, Space (5th element), Oozing orifices, Death contemplation

Ānāpānasati, 4 postures, Clear Comprehending, Parts of the body, 4 elements, Death contemplation

4 postures, Clear Comprehending, Cutting off thought, Suppressing thought, Ānāpānasati, 4 jhāna similes, Perception of light, Basis of reviewing, Parts of the body, 6 elements, Death contemplation

Parts of the body, 4 elements, Oozing orifices, Death contemplation

4 Postures, Comprehension, Ānāpānasati, 4 elements, Body parts, Death contemplation

Feelings (vedana)

Happy/pain/neutral, Carnal/spiritual

Happy/pain/neutral, Bodily/Mental, Carnal/spiritual, Sensual/Non–sensual

Happy/pain/neutral, Carnal/spiritual

Happy/pain/neutral, Carnal/spiritual

Happy/pain/neutral, Bodily/Mental, Carnal/spiritual, Sensual/Non–sensual

Happy/pain/neutral, Carnal/spiritual, No mixed feelings

N/A

Mind (Cittā)

Greedy (or not), Angry, Deluded, Contracted, Exalted, Surpassed, Samādhi, Released

Greedy, Angry, Deluded, Contracted, Slothful, Small, Distracted, Quiet, Samādhi, Developed, Released

Greedy, Angry, Deluded, Contracted, Exalted, Surpassed, Samādhi, Released

Greedy, Angry, Deluded, Contracted, Exalted, Surpassed, Samādhi, Released

Greedy, Angry, Deluded, Defiled, Contracted, Small, Lower, Developed, Samādhi, Released

Greedy, Angry, Deluded, Affection, Attained, Confused, Contracted, Universal, Exalted, Surpassed, Samādhi, Released

N/A

Dhammā

Hindrances, Factors of Enlightenment

Hindrances, 6 Sense-Bases, Factors of Enlightenment

Hindrances, 6 Sense-Bases, Factors of Enlightenment, Four Noble Truths

Hindrances, Aggregates, 6 Sense-Bases, Factors of Enlightenment, Four Noble Truths

Hindrances, 6 Sense-Bases, Factors of Enlightenment

Hindrances, Factors of Enlightenment, 4 jhānas

N/A

Interpretation and practice[edit]

Stage of practice leading to jhana[edit]

Main article: Dhyāna in Buddhism

See also: Buddhist paths to awakening

According to Rupert Gethin, "[t]he sutta is often read today as describing a pure form of insight (vipassanā) meditation that bypasses calm (samatha) meditation and the four absorptions (jhāna)." Yet, in the older Buddhist tradition, mindfulness aided in abandoning the five hindrances, which then leads into the first jhana.[22][note 8] According to Gethin, the early Buddhist texts have "a broadly consistent vision" regarding meditation practice. Various practices lead to the development of the factors of awakening, which are not only the means to, but also the constituents of awakening.[23]

Gethin, followed by Polak and Arbel, notes that there is a "definite affinity" between the bojjhaṅgā, the seven factors of awakening, and the four jhanas, which actualize the Buddhist practices aiming at calming the mind.[24][25][26][27] According to Gethin, satipatthana and anapanasati are related to a formula that summarizes the Buddhist path to awakening as "abandoning the hindrances, establishing [...] mindfulness, and developing the seven factors of awakening."[28] This results in a "heightened awareness," "overcoming distracting and disturbing emotions,"[29] which are not particular elements of the path to awakening, but rather common disturbing and distracting emotions.[30]

According to Sujato, samatha and vipassana are complementary elements of the Buddhist path.[31] Satipatthana explicates mindfulness, the seventh limb of the eightfold path, and is to be understood as an integral part of this path.[32]

Polak, elaborating on Vetter, notes that the onset of the first dhyana is described as a quite natural process, due to the preceding efforts to restrain the senses and the nurturing of wholesome states.[33][34] According to Grzegorz Polak, the four upassanā do not refer to four different foundations of which one should be aware, but are an alternate description of the jhanas, describing how the samskharas are tranquilized:[35]

·                the six sense-bases which one needs to be aware of (kāyānupassanā);

·                contemplation on vedanās, which arise with the contact between the senses and their objects (vedanānupassanā);

·                the altered states of mind to which this practice leads (cittānupassanā);

·                the development from the five hindrances to the seven factors of enlightenment (dhammānupassanā).

Various practices[edit]

There are a variety of ways that one could use the methods described in the Satipaṭṭhāna Sutta including:

1.  Focus on a single method.[note 9] The method most written about in the English language is that of mindfulness of breath.[36]

2.  Practice the various methods individually in succession.

3.  Maintain breath mindfulness as a primary object while using other methods to address non-breath stimuli.[note 10]

4.  Practice multiple methods either in tandem or in a context-driven manner.[note 11]

 

experiential orientation
(character)

 

affective
(extrovert)

cognitive
(introvert)

reactivity /
temperament

slow

body

mind

quick

sensations

mental contents

According to Analāyo[37] and Soma,[38] writing from a traditional point of view, the Papañcasudani recommends a different satipaṭṭhāna depending on whether a person:

·                tends more toward affective craving or intellectual speculation; and,

·                is more measured in their responses or quick reacting.

Based on these two dimensions the commentary's recommended personality-based satipaṭṭhāna is reflected in the grid shown at right.

Soma (2003, p. xxiv) adds that all practitioners (regardless of their character and temperament) should also practice mindfulness of Postures (moving, standing, sitting, lying down) and Clear Understanding, about which he writes: "The whole practice of mindfulness depends on the correct grasp of the exercises included in the two parts referred to here."

English commentaries[edit]

·                Thera, Soma (1998), The Way of Mindfulness: The Satipatthana Sutta and Its Commentary, Buddhist Publication Society, ISBN 978-9552402562

·                Nhất Hạnh, Thích (2002), Transformation and Healing: Sutra on the Four Establishments of Mindfulness, Parallax Press, ISBN 978-1888375626

·                Analayo (2004), Satipatthana: The Direct Path to Realization, Windhorse Publications, ISBN 978-1899579549

·                Analayo (2013), Perspectives on Satipaṭṭhāna, Windhorse Publications, ISBN 978-1909314030

·                Thera, Nyanaponika (2014), The Heart of Buddhist Meditation, Weiser Books, ISBN 978-1578635580

·                Gunaratana, Bhante (2014), The Four Foundations of Mindfulness in Plain English, Wisdom Publications, ISBN 978-1614290384

·                Goenka, S.N. (2015), Satipatthana Sutta Discourses, Pariyatti Publishing, ISBN 978-1938754906

·                Goldstein, Joseph (2016), Mindfulness: A Practical Guide to Awakening, Sounds True, ISBN 978-1622036059

·                Analayo (2018), Satipatthana Meditation: A Practice Guide, Windhorse Publications, ISBN 978-1911407102

 

 

 

 

 

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Balaghat Vipasyana Center - DHAMMA KANANA

Bank of Wainganga

P.O. Garra�@�@Balaghat, Madya Pradesh 481 001�@India

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Haridas Meshram�@�@126,Ratan Kuti,Ganganagar Road�@Budhi,Balaghat.(M.P) 481001�@�@India

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�u‚ ‚é‚ׂ«Žp�v‚É‚àƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚ÆŒ¾‚¢‚Ü‚·�B�¢‚Ì’†‚É�A�u‚ ‚é‚ׂ«Žp�v‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚̂͂Ȃ©‚È‚©‚È‚¢‚̂ł·�B‚¾‚©‚炱‚̃_ƒ“ƒ}‚Í“¹“¿“I‚ȉ¿’lŠÏ‚É‚à‚È‚è‚Ü‚·�BŠó–]“I‚È�ó‘Ô‚ÆŒ¾‚Á‚Ä‚à‚¢‚¢‚Å‚µ‚傤�B—Ⴆ‚Î�u�l‚Í�^ŽÀ‚ðŒ¾‚¤‚ׂ«‚¾�AƒEƒ\‚ð‚‚¢‚Ă͂¢‚¯‚È‚¢�A‚»‚ê‚̓_ƒ“ƒ}‚¾‚æ�v‚Ȃǂƌ¾‚¢‚Ü‚·�B�uƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚¾‚æ�v‚ÆŒ¾‚¤‚Æ�A�u‚»‚ê‚̓_ƒ“ƒ}‚¾‚©‚ç“–‚½‚è‘O‚Ì‚±‚Æ‚¾�v‚Æ‚¢‚¤ƒjƒ…ƒAƒ“ƒX‚ɂȂè‚Ü‚·�B�u‚ ‚È‚½‚ɂ͂Ȃñ‚̃_ƒ“ƒ}‚à‚È‚¢‚Ë�v‚ÆŒ¾‚í‚ꂽ‚ç�A�u‚ ‚È‚½‚Í�s‹V‚ªˆ«‚¢�A�펯‚ª‚È‚¢�A‚¢‚¢‰ÁŒ¸‚È�l‚¾�v‚ÆŒ¾‚í‚ꂽ‚±‚ƂɂȂè‚Ü‚·�B�lŠÔ‚Å‚ ‚é‚È‚ç‚Î�s‹V—Ç‚­‚µ‚Á‚©‚è�¶‚«‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¯‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚©‚ç�A�lŠÔ‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚¾‚炵‚È‚¢�l‚ª�uƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚ª‚È‚¢�l�v‚Ȃ̂ł·�B“¹“¿‚ð‚Ü‚Á‚½‚­”Æ‚µ‚½”Æ�ߎ҂Í�A�uƒAƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚Ì�l�i”ñƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚Ì�l�Aƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚ð‰ó‚µ‚½�l�j�v‚ƌĂ΂ê‚Ü‚·�B‚‚܂è�u�l‚Æ‚µ‚Ä‚ ‚é‚ׂ«Žp‚ł͂Ȃ¢�lŠÔ�v‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚ƂȂ̂ł·�B

  1. Žç‚é‚ׂ«�M�ð

�uŽç‚é‚ׂ«�M�ð�v‚àƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚Å‚·�BƒCƒ“ƒh‚Å�u�l‚͉½‚É�]‚¤‚ׂ«‚Å‚µ‚傤�H�v‚Æ�u‚¢‚½‚È‚ç‚Î�A�u‚à‚¿‚ë‚ñƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚É�]‚¤‚ׂ«‚Å‚·‚æ�v‚Æ‚·‚®‚É“š‚¦‚ª•Ô‚Á‚Ä‚«‚Ü‚·�B�uŽç‚é‚ׂ«‚à‚Ì�v‚Ƃ͎©•ª‚Ì’†‚É‚ ‚鑸‚¢‚à‚Ì‚Å�A�u�]‚¤‚ׂ«‚à‚Ì�v‚Ƃ͎©•ª‚ÌŠO‚É‚ ‚鑸‚¢‚à‚̂ł·‚ª�A‚»‚̂ǂ¿‚ç‚É‚à�uƒ_ƒ“ƒ}�v‚Æ‚¢‚¤Œ¾—t‚ðŽg‚¤‚̂ł·�B‚‚܂è�A‰½‚©‘¸‚¢‚à‚Ì�AŽ©•ª‚Ì–½‚Ý‚½‚¢‚É‘å�؂Ȃà‚Ì�A�u‰½‚ðŽ¸‚Á‚Ä‚à‚±‚ꂾ‚¯‚ÍŽç‚邼�v‚ÆŽv‚¦‚é‚à‚Ì‚à�A�uƒ_ƒ“ƒ}�v‚Ȃ̂ł·�B

  1. �¶‚«•û‚Ì‹³‚¦

‰ä�X‚É�¶‚«•û‚ð‹³‚¦‚Ä‚­‚ê‚é�l‚̘b‚à�uƒ_ƒ“ƒ}�v‚Å‚·�B—Ⴆ‚Î�A‚¨Žß‰Þ‚³‚Ü‚âƒCƒGƒX—l‚̘b‚É‚Í�A�lŠÔ‚ª•·‚¢‚Ĉê�¶�]‚¤‚ׂ«‹³‚¦‚ªŒê‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·�B‚»‚̂悤‚È�A�l�X‚Ì�S‚ðˆç‚Ă鋳‚¦‚É‚à�uƒ_ƒ“ƒ}�v‚ÆŒ¾‚¤‚̂ł·�BŒo“T‚à�¹�‘‚àƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚Å‚·‚µ�A‚¨Ž›‚ł̂¨–V‚³‚ñ‚Ì�à–@‚⋳‰ï‚Å‚Ì�_•ƒ‚³‚ñ‚Ȃǂ̂¨˜b‚Í�uƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚ª�à‚©‚ê‚é�v‚ÆŒ¾‚í‚ê‚Ü‚·�B

  1. –@‘¥

ƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚É‚Í�u–@‘¥�v‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆÓ–¡‚à‚ ‚è‚Ü‚·�B‚½‚Æ‚¦‚ΉȊw‚Å”­Œ©‚·‚é�u•¨Ž¿‚͂ǂ̂悤‚É“®‚¢‚Ăǂ̂悤‚É”½‰ž‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é‚©�v‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚àƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚Å‚·�B‚à‚¿‚ë‚ñ�Aˆö‰Ê–@‘¥‚̓_ƒ“ƒ}‚Å‚·�B Žß‘¸‚͈ö‰Ê–@‘¥‚ð�à‚©‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚é‚Ì‚Å�A‚±‚̈Ӗ¡‚Å‚à�A�uŽß‘¸‚̓_ƒ“ƒ}‚ð�à‚©‚ꂽ�v‚ÆŒ¾‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚Ü‚·�B

  1. –@—¥�E–@—¥‚Ì—�”O

–@—¥‚àƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚ÆŒ¾‚¢‚Ü‚·�B�Ù”»Š¯‚Í�uƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚ðŽç‚é�l�v‚Å‚·�B ‚Ü‚½�A–@—¥‚ð�ì‚Á‚½‚è�­Ž¡‚ð�s‚Á‚½‚è‚·‚é�ê�‡‚Í�A‰½‚©‚Ì—�”O‚ÉŠî‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚Ü‚·�B�­Ž¡‚â–@—¥‚Ì—�‘z‚Ý‚½‚¢‚È�A“NŠw‚̂悤‚È‚à‚Ì‚ª‚ ‚é‚̂ł·�B‚»‚¤‚¢‚¤�A–@—¥‚ð�ì‚点‚é—�‘z‚̂悤‚È‚à‚̂ɂà�uƒ_ƒ“ƒ}�v‚ÆŒ¾‚¢‚Ü‚·�B–@—¥‰Æ‚≤—l‚Í�Aƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚ðŽç‚Á‚Ä�Aƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚É�]‚Á‚Ä�¶Šˆ‚µ‚È‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¯‚È‚¢‚̂ł·�B‚»‚Ì�ê�‡‚Í�A‚¢‚í‚ä‚é�lˆ×“I‚È–@—¥‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆÓ–¡‚ł͂Ȃ­�A�l‚Ì�ã‚É—§‚—§�ê‚Æ‚µ‚Ă̎©•ª‚ð‰ú‚ß‚é•s•¶—¥‚̂͂½‚ç‚«‚̂悤‚È‚à‚̂ł·�B

  1. Œ»�Û

�u‚ ‚è‚Æ‚ ‚ç‚ä‚é‚à‚Ì�v‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆÓ–¡‚Å‚à�uƒ_ƒ“ƒ}�v‚ÆŒ¾‚¢‚Ü‚·�B

‚±‚̂悤‚É�uƒ_ƒ“ƒ}�v‚ɂ͕��L‚¢ˆÓ–¡‚ª‚ ‚è‚Ü‚·�BƒCƒ“ƒh‚Ì�l‚Í•¶�̖͂¬—ª‚Ì’†‚Å—eˆÕ‚­ˆÓ–¡‚𑨂¦‚Ü‚·‚ª�A‚æ‚Ù‚ÇŒ´Œê‚ÉŠµ‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚È‚¢‚Æ�A�³‚µ‚­–|–ó‚·‚é‚͓̂‚¢Œ¾—t‚̂ЂƂ‚¾‚Æ‚¢‚¤‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é‚Å‚µ‚傤�B

 

 

 

2“ú–Ú

Sati  awareness of the present moment rather than a memory of the past (or a dream of the future).

•¶–¬‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ă͋L‰¯‚Æ‚¢‚¤ˆÓ–¡‚à‚ ‚邪�A‚±‚±‚ł͂±‚Ì�uŠÔ‚Ö‚Ì‹C‚«�@�@’mŠo

84000‚Ì�à–@

 

ƒ}ƒn�[ƒJƒbƒTƒp‚ƃA�[ƒiƒ“ƒ_

 Mah�Lkassapa�B“ª‘É(‚¸‚¾)‘æˆê�BŽß“Ž‚ÌŽ€Œã‚»‚Ì‹³’c‚ð“�—¦‚µ�C500�l‚Ì’‡ŠÔ‚ƂƂà‚ÉŽß“Ž‚Ì‹³–@‚ð•Ò�W‚µ(‘æˆêŒ‹�W)�C•t–@‘ (‹³‚¦‚̉œ‹`‚𒼓`‚·‚邱‚Æ)‚Ì‘æˆê‘c‚ƂȂÁ‚½�B

Žß‘¸‚Ì�]ŒZ’í‚Å“¯‚¶“ú‚É�¶‚Ü‚êˆê��‚É�o‰Æ‚É�o‚½ƒA�[ƒiƒ“ƒ_‚ªŽß‘¸‚ÌŽ˜ŽÒ‚ƂȂÁ‚½‚Ì‚Í55�΂̎ž�B

�ðŒ�‚Í‚·‚ׂĂÌ�à–@‚ð’®‚­‚±‚Æ�B–w‚ǂ̌¾—t‚ðˆêŽšˆê‹åŠo‚¦‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«�AˆÃæu—͂ł«‚½�B�@�@

Œ»ŽÀ‚̓\�[ƒ^ƒpƒ“ƒi‚Å‚ ‚邯”F‚ß‚Ä�Q‚悤‚Æ‚µ‚Ä–�‚É“ª‚ª’…‚­’¼‘O‚ɃAƒ‰ƒnƒ“‚ɂȂꂽ�B

ƒAƒ‰ƒnƒ“‚ɂȂ肽‚¢‚Æ‚¢‚¤‹É’[‚ÌŠ‰–]‚ð’ú‚ß‚½Žž‚Ƀoƒ‰ƒ“ƒX‚Ì—Ç‚¢’†“¹‚É‚¢‚½‚è�AŒå‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚½�B

ƒmƒu‚Ì’†“¹‚̓oƒ‰ƒ“ƒX‚ł͂Ȃ­�A�uŠÔ�v‚Å‚±‚±‚©‚ç—£’E‚µ‚½ˆÙŽŸŒ³�B

 

Ti�@3�@pitaka�@âÄ�@�@

Citta�@��@rupa�@

Viharati�@�Z‚Þ�@�@ŽåŒê‚ª�¹ŽÒ‚Æ�C�sŽÒ‚̂Ƃ«‚É‚¾‚¯Žg—p‚³‚ê‚é

ƒTƒ}ƒfƒB‚ƃpƒ“ƒjƒƒ‚ª�Á‚¦‚½�Š‚Å‚ÍƒV�[ƒ‰‚ª‰ß�è‚ɂȂé�B‚»‚µ‚ăV�[ƒ‰�Eƒpƒ‰ƒ}�[ƒT‚Æ‚¢‚¤Ž·’…‚ª‚¨‚«‚é�B

ƒEƒHƒ^�@�¾‚¢

�ò‰»‚³‚ꂽ“¹�@maggo sattānaṃ visuddhiyā

Physical pain �@�@�@dukkha (du = bad, painful, + kha = empty, space)

mental pain �@�@�@domanassa (du = bad, painful + mana= mind)

 

Ÿ¸žÏ

“÷‘̂ƃ}ƒCƒ“ƒh‚Í�@�¶�¬‚Æ�Á–ł̔g“®‚Ì�¢ŠE�B

ƒjƒbƒo�[ƒi‚͉½‚à�¶‚܂ꂸ‰½‚à�Á‚¦‚È‚¢�¢ŠE‚Å�AŠ´ŠoŠíН‚Ì‹@”\‚Í’âŽ~‚·‚邽‚ߌ¾—t‚Å•\‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢�B

�”•b‚©‚ç�”ŽžŠÔ

Ž©•ª‚Ì“à‘¤‚Ì�^—�‚ő̌±‚·‚é�B

 

—Bˆê‚Ì“¹

ŠeŽ©‚ªŒ´ˆö‚ðŽæ‚è�œ‚­‚±‚Ƃłµ‚©‹ê‚µ‚Ý‚Í�Á‚¦‚È‚¢�B

ƒ}ƒCƒ“ƒh‚Ì�K�«‚ð‚©‚¦‚é‚Ì‚ª—Bˆê‚Ì“¹ekayano maggo�@�@

 

“ª‚ł͂Ȃ­ŽÀ‘H‚̃R�[ƒX‚Å‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ð�ÄŠm”F�@�@�@–é‚Ì�u˜bˆÈŠO‚ÍŽÀ‘H‚Í10“úŠÔƒR�[ƒX‚Æ“¯‚¶

 

3“ú–Ú

 

 

•¡�”Œ`‚̃_ƒ“ƒ}�@�@Žv�l‚³‚ꂽ‚à‚Ì��ƒ_ƒ“ƒ}�@�@�@�S‚Ì“à—e

ƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚Ƃ͒†‚É‚ ‚é‚à‚Ì�AŠÜ‚Ü‚ê‚é‚à‚Ì

 

ƒ”ƒF�[ƒ_ƒi�@ƒTƒ‚�[ƒTƒ“ƒi�@ƒTƒx�[�@ƒ_ƒ“ƒ}

“÷‘̂̊´Šo‚ƈê��‚ɂȂÁ‚Ä—¬‚ê‚é‚à‚Ì‚·‚ׂĂªƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚Å‚ ‚é�H

 

ƒ”ƒBƒpƒbƒTƒi�[�@�@‘z‘œ‚ł͂Ȃ­�A‚ ‚邪‚܂܂Ɏ©•ª‚̃”ƒF�[ƒ_ƒi‚ð�AŽ©•ª‚̃`ƒbƒ^�iŽv�l�jŒ©‚é

�@�@ƒpƒbƒTƒi�@ƒ_ƒbƒTƒi�@’¼�Ú‚ÉŒ©‚é�@�@

 

ātāpī sampajāno satimā, vineyya loke abhijjhādomanassaṃ

ātāpī”R‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚é�l�@áÒ‘zŽÒ sampajāno�@�³‚µ‚¢ƒpƒ“ƒjƒƒ�i�¶–ł̖³�í�AƒAƒjƒbƒ`ƒƒ‚Ì”Fޝ�j‚ðŽ�‚Â�l

 satimā‹C‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚é�l,

vineyya Ž©�M‚ð‰“‚´‚¯‚éloke�@ŒÜå] abhijjhā�@Љ–]�@�@domanassaṃ�@Œ™ˆ«‚ÌŽž‚Ì‹CŽ�‚¿

‚‚܂èŒã”¼‚ÍŠ‰–]‚©‚玩�g‚ð�؂藣‚µ‚È‚³‚¢

 

ƒTƒ“ƒpƒWƒƒ�[ƒm‚Ƃ͉½‚©�H

‚PŒ»‚ê‚Ä‚»‚±‚É—¯‚Ü‚è�A‚₪‚Ä�Á‚¦‚Ä‚¢‚­Š´Šo‚É‹C‚­‚±‚Æ

‚Q�₦ŠÔ‚È‚­Œp‘±‚µ‚Ä‹x‚Þ‚±‚ƂȂ­�í‚É‘±‚¯‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ�B

 

ƒpƒWƒƒ�[ƒiƒeƒBpajānāti�@—�‰ð‚·‚é. �e�@Sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī assasissāmī�f ti

ƒVƒbƒJƒeƒB�@�@sikkhati�@Šw‚Ô

 

ƒoƒ“ƒK�[�@�@—n‰ð

�U“®‚Ì—¬‚ê�@’P‚È‚é”g�A‚¤‚Ë‚è�A–A

Sabbakāyapaṭisaṃvedī�@�@�H

ƒTƒ“ƒx�EƒfƒB�[�@�@ˆê‘§‚Å‘S‘Ì‚ðŠ´‚¶Žæ‚é

kāyasaṅkhāraṃ �@�@’Z‚¢ŒÄ‹z�@�S‚Ì�¯‚³�H

atthi kāyo�@“÷‘Ì‚Å

 

‘S�g‚̌ċz‚Ƃ͈ê“x‚ł‚Ü�æ‚©‚瓪‚Ì�æ‚܂Ŋ´‚¶‚éˆêŒÄ‹z�B

Ž©•ª‚Æ‘¼�l‚ɂ‚¢‚ẴSƒGƒ“ƒJ‰ðŽß

ƒ”ƒBƒpƒbƒTƒi�[‚Í‘z‘œ�iƒCƒ}ƒWƒl�[ƒVƒ‡ƒ“�j‚ð”ð‚¯‚Ä�A‚ ‚邪‚܂܂Ì�ó‘Ô�A‚·‚Ȃ킿�”�s–³�í‚É‹C‚«‘±‚¯‚éáÒ‘z‚Ȃ̂Å�A�X‚Ì’†‚ňê�l‚Å‚¢‚鎞‚É�A‚»‚±‚É‚¢‚È‚¢‘¼�l‚ɂ‚¢‚ÄŒ¾‹y‚µ‚È‚¢‚Å‚ ‚낤�B

‚»‚±‚Å�Aƒp�[ƒŠŒê‚ÌŒ¾Œê’Ê‚è�H�uŽ©•ª‚Ì’†‚Ì�g‘Ì�v ‚Æ �uŽ©•ª‚ÌŠO‚Ì�g‘Ì�v ‚ƉðŽß‚·‚é‚ׂ«‚Å‚ ‚낤�B

Ž©•ª‚Ì’†‚Ì�g‘̂ƂÍ�AˆÓޝ‚Ì‚±‚Æ�H

Ž©•ª‚ÌŠO‚Ì�g‘̂ƂÍ�AŒÜНŠíН‚Ì‚±‚Æ�H

 

ƒ{ƒ“ƒxƒC‚̋߂­‚©‚ç—ˆ‚½’j‚ªƒT�[ƒoƒeƒB‚É‚¢‚½Žß‘¸‚É‹³‚¦‚ð�¿‚¤

‚±‚ê‚܂łÉ�C�s‚µ‚½‚«‚½‚Ì‚Å�A�uˆÓޝ‚Å‹C‚¢‚Ä‚¢‚邾‚¯‚Å‚¢‚¢�v�A‚Æ‚¢‚¤Žß‘¸‚ÌŒ¾—t‚ÅŒå‚è‚𓾂½�B

 

 

 

 

4“ú–Ú

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Ayantan�@˜Z�ˆ

“à‚UŠO‚U�@æÃáÑ’s‚Ì‚ ‚銴ŠoŠíН‚É�M�†‚ª�Ú‚µ‚½Žž‚ÉŠ´Šo‚ª‹N‚±‚é

 

 

Bojjhanga –ÚŠo‚ß‚ðŽx‚¦‚é7‚‚̗v‘f�@�@�@�@

Mindfulness (sati). To maintain awareness of reality (dharma). ‹C‚«

Investigation of the nature of reality (dhamma vicaya). Œ»�Û‚Ì’T‹��@�@•ªŠ„‚µ‚ăoƒ‰ƒoƒ‰‚É‚·‚é

Energy (viriya) also determination, effort“w—Í�¸�i�@�@

‰½‚à‚µ‚È‚¢“w—Í�@‚¨‚±‚邪‚܂܂ðŽó‚¯“ü‚ê‚é“w—Í�@

”½‰ž‚µ‚È‚¢“w—Í�@ŠÏŽ@‚·‚é“w—Í�@�@ŠÔˆá‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚é“w—Í�@ƒA�[ƒiƒ“ƒ_‚ªƒAƒ‰ƒnƒ“‚ɂȂ낤‚Æ‚µ‚½Žž‚Ì�s“®

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•ó�΂É�E‚ðŠJ‚¯‚邿‚¤‚ɋْ£Š´‚ðŽ�‚Â

”½”­‚¹‚¸‚Ƀ_ƒ“ƒ}‚É”C‚¹‚é

 

Joy or rapture (pīti) Šì‚Ñ�@

Relaxation or tranquility (passaddhi) of both body and mind•½�Ã

‚±‚ê‚ð�^‰ä‚Æ‚µ‚ÄŠ¨ˆá‚¢‚·‚鑼�@”h�@�@‚±‚Ì•½�ÂɂÍ�U“®‚ª‚ ‚é�@

Concentration, (samādhi) a calm, one-pointed state of mind,[1] or clear awareness�W’†�i�´—Á�j

Equanimity (upekkha). To accept reality as-it-is (yatha-bhuta) without craving or aversion. ˆÀ‚ç‚©‚È�S

 

ƒ”ƒBƒpƒbƒTƒi�[

•”•ª‚ÅŒ©‚邯‚»‚±‚ª—n‚¯‚é

‘S‘̂Ō©‚邯ƒ�ƒ‹ƒgƒ_ƒEƒ“‚·‚é�B

 

 

7“ú–Ú

Žl’ú

Yathābhūta�@pajanati

Yath₯‚Í�u–{“–‚Ì�«Ž¿�vbhūta‚Ƃ̓}ƒCƒ“ƒh‚ð‰î‚µ‚Ä�¶‚¶‚é•¨Ž¿pajanati‚Ƃ͒¼�Ú‚É’m‚邱‚Æ—�‰ð‚·‚邱‚Æ

 

‹ê”Y‚ªŠ‰–]‚É‚æ‚Á‚Ä‚à‚½‚炳‚ê‚é�AЉ–]‚ª‹ê”Y‚ð�¶‚Þ‚ÍŽß‘¸ˆÈ‘O‚©‚çƒqƒ“ƒhƒD�[‹³‚ł͒m‚ç‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚½�B

Žß‘¸‚ªƒ†ƒj�[ƒN‚È“_‚Í�A4‚‚̋ê‚Ì’iŠK‚ð3‚‚̃Œƒxƒ‹‚Ì�[‚³‚ÅŒ¾Œê‰»‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ�B

‹ê’ú�@‚±‚ꂪ‹ê‚Å‚ ‚é�B�@�@‹ê‚Ì�^�‘‚Ì‘S‘Ì‚ð—�‰ð‚·‚é�@�@�@ƒpƒŠƒ“ƒjƒƒ�[ƒ^ƒ“�@‘S‚Ä‚ð’q‚é

‚P�@ƒ”ƒF�[ƒ_ƒi‚ÌŠO‚܂Œm‚è�s‚­‚·�A‘ÌŒ±‚·‚é�@ƒ”ƒF�[ƒ_ƒi‚ð’´‚¦‚é

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�W’ú�@Š®‘S‚É‹ê‚ð�Á–Å‚³‚¹‚È‚¯‚ê‚΂Ȃç‚È‚¢

‚P�@Љ–]‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ð’m‚è�s‚­‚·�A‘ÌŒ±‚·‚é

‚Q�@Љ–]‚ð�Á–Å‚·‚é•K—v‚ª‚ ‚邱‚Æ‚ð’m‚è�s‚­‚·�A‘ÌŒ±‚·‚é

‚R�@Љ–]‚ª�Á–Å‚µ‚½

 

–Å’ú�@�@�@�@�@�@ƒTƒbƒ`ƒJƒbƒ^ƒ{�[�@–ڂƑ̂Ŋ´‚¶‚é

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“¹’ú�@�@�@�@ŽÀ‘H‚·‚邱‚Æ�@�@�@”ª�³“¹

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‚R�@�@“¹‚ðŠ®‘S‚É•à‚«�s‚­‚µ‚½

 

‚S‚‚Ì�^—�‚͑̌±‚·‚é‚à‚Ì

ŒÜå]‚ª�u‚킽‚µ�v‚Æ‚¢‚¤Š‰–]‚ð�¶‚Þ

 

soko �[‚¢”ß‚µ‚Ý�@�@�@�@�@

paridevo�@’Q‚«

dukkha�@�Ì�@sukha�@�@“÷‘Ì“I•s‰õ

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upayaso�@”ß’Q�@ƒ�ƒ“ƒ^ƒ‹‚Ì”Y‚Ý

appiyehi�@samayogo�@�D‚܂Ȃ¢‚à‚̂Ƃ̊ւí‚è

piyehi�@vippayogo�@�@�D‚Þ‚à‚Ì‚©‚ç—£•Ê�@�@•ƒ•ê�@—F�l�@Žq‹Ÿ�@�@

yampiccham�@na�@labhati�@–]‚Ý‚ªŠ�‚í‚È‚¢�@�@�@

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Nibbana�@Ÿ¸žÏ

Dukkha‚Ì‘S‚Ä‚ð’T�õ‚µ�s‚­‚·

Œ`‚ª‚ ‚é‚à‚͉̂ó‚ê‚é

‰½‚à�¶‚Ü‚ê‚È‚¯‚ê‚Ήó‚ê‚à‚µ‚È‚¢

 

Š´Šo‚ª‚ ‚é�B‚±‚ê‚ÅŠ‰–]‚ªŽn‚Ü‚Á‚½�B

Š´ŠoŠíН‚Æ�S’n‚æ‚¢‚à‚Ì‚ª�Ú�G‚·‚邯Љ–]‚ª�¶‚Ü‚ê‚é

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�¶‚Ü‚ê‚邱‚Æ‚ª‚È‚¢‚±‚ƂŊ‰–]‚Í�Á–Å‚·‚é�B

 

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‚U‚‚̈ӎ¯‚ð‚â‚߂邱‚Æ‚Å�Á‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é

‚U‚‚Ì�Ú�G‚ð‚â‚߂邱‚Æ‚Å�Á‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é

‚U‚‚̊´Šo‚ð‚â‚߂邱‚Æ‚Å�Á‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é

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‚U‚‚̃Tƒ“ƒ„ƒbƒ^�[ƒi��ƒTƒ“ƒJ�[ƒ‰‚ð‚â‚߂邱‚Æ‚Å�Á‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é

ƒ^ƒ“ƒn�[Љ–]‚ð‚â‚߂邱‚Æ‚Å�Á‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é

Žv�l‚ÌŽn‚Ü‚è‚ð‚â‚߂邱‚Æ‚Å�Á‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é

Žv�l‚ÌŒp‘±‚ð‚â‚߂邱‚Æ‚Å�Á‚·‚±‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚é

 

 

‚R‚‚̖{”\�@Љ–]

kāmataṇhā �@�@�î—~

bhavataṇhā �@�@�¶‘¶—~

vibhavataṇhā�@�@–Å—~�@—Ö‰ô‚̂Ȃ¢�Ià�‚ð‹�‚ß‚é�@ˆê“x‚Á‚«‚è‚Ì�¶‚Å‚ ‚è�AŽ€Œã‚Í–³‚Å‚ ‚é�@

ˆ«Ž–‚ð�s‚­‚µ‚½�H‚̂ŋ°‚ꂪ‚ ‚é�@

 

tatratatrābhinandinī, �@‚±‚±‚©‚µ‚±‚ʼnõŠy‚ðŒ©‚Â‚¯‚é

seyyathidaṃ,

 

loke�@“à‚È‚é‰F’ˆ

veda‚É‚à�o‚Ä‚­‚éƒh�[ƒqƒ^‚Æ‚¢‚¤�—�«‚ª�u•à‚«‘±‚¯‚悤�v‚Æ‚¢‚¤‰S‚ð‰Ì‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚½‚Ì‚Å�AŽß‘¸‚ª‚Ç‚±‚܂ł¢‚©‚ê‚é‚Ì‚©‚Æ�q‚Ë‚é‚Æ�A�¢ŠE‚Ì‚·‚ׂĂð�A‚Æ“š‚¦‚½‚Ì‚Å�A‚»‚ê‚ł͉F’ˆ‚ð‰z‚¦‚ç‚ê‚È‚¢�A‰F’ˆ‚Í‚±‚̑̂̓à‚É‚ ‚è‚Ü‚·‚æ�A‚Æ—@‚µ‚½�B

Loke‚Í”j‰ó‚³‚ꑱ‚¯‚é‚à‚̂Ƃ¢‚¤‚Ì‚ªŒêŒ¹�H

 

Vinnana‚Ƃ͉½‚©�H

ŠÏŽ@ŽÒ‚Ì‚±‚Æ�I�@�@

‚±‚ê‚ð�°‚Æ‹Œ–ñ�¹�‘‚âƒqƒ“ƒhƒD�[‹³‚ł͗�‰ð‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚é�B

 

Vinnana‚͈ê‚‚ł͂Ȃ­�A‚U‚‚ɕª‚©‚ê‚Ä‚¢‚Ä�A‚¨ŒÝ‚¢‚ɈقȂÁ‚Ä‚¢‚é�B

‚T‚‚͌܊´ŠíН�iŽ‹Šo�E’®Šo�EškŠo�E–¡Šo�E�GŠo�j‚ɑΉž‚µ‚Ä‚¢‚Ä‹@”\‚ðŽ~‚߂邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚邪�Aƒ}ƒCƒ“ƒh‚Ìvinnana‚ÍŽ~‚߂邱‚Æ‚ª‚Å‚«‚È‚¢�B

 

 

 

Ž©•ª‚ő̊´‚Å‚«‚邱‚Æ‚¾‚¯‚É�W’†‚µ‚Ä�A‘ÌŒ±‚Å‚«‚È‚¢ŽnŒ¹‚⎀Œã‚̘b‚Í”ð‚¯‚È‚³‚¢�B

Ž„‚̓Aƒ‰ƒnƒ“‚ł͂Ȃ¢�B‚½‚¾‚»‚±‚ÉŽŠ‚é‚à‚̂ł ‚è�AŠF‚³‚ñ‚É‹³‚¦‚邱‚Æ‚ðŠw‚ñ‚Å‚«‚½�B

 

8“ú–Ú

ƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚ɑ΂µ‚Ä‚Ì�Ó”C

‚P�@‹ê‚©‚ç‚̉ð•ú‚ւƂ‚Ȃª‚Á‚Ä‚¢‚邱‚Æ

‚Q�@ŽÐ‰ï‚ł̌©–{‚ɂȂ邱‚Æ

 

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ƒ_ƒ“ƒ}‚ðŽó‚¯‚½�l‚Í�¬’·‚³‚¹‚é�B

‚±‚̈ê”Ô‚Ì•ñ‚¢‚ÍŠeŽ©‚ªŽ©•ª‚Ì“à‘¤‚Ƀ_ƒ“ƒ}‚ðŠm—§‚·‚邱‚Ƃł ‚é�B